云南农村妇女孕早期拟除虫菊酯类农药暴露及影响因素

目的 探讨云南农村地区妇女孕早期拟除虫菊酯类农药暴露情况及影响因素, 为进一步开展孕期农药暴露研究提供基础数据, 为制定减少暴露的干预措施提供依据.方法 基于云南农村2014年所建的出生队列, 研究对象为2015年1月至2017年1月一农业县的两个乡镇在产前保健门诊确诊怀孕并继续妊娠的孕早期妇女.采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪测定妇女尿中拟除虫菊酯类农药代谢产物的浓度, 结合问卷调查, 对其农药暴露情况进行分析.结果 共419名孕早期妇女接受调查, 94.51%的妇女尿中检测到至少一种拟除虫菊酯类代谢产物, 其中3-苯氧基苯甲酸 (3-PBA) 、顺式/反式-二氯菊酸 (cis-/trans-DCCA) 和4-氟-3-苯氧基苯甲酸 (4-F-3-PBA) 的检出率分别为:79.47%、62.05%和24.58%;浓度中位数分别为3.53 ng/m L、14.80 ng/m L和小于最低检出限0.4 ng/m L.仅12人 (2.95%) 自我报告有农药接触, 自报告暴露率与实际暴露率一致性较差.多元线性回归分析显示, 季节是对孕早期妇女体内3种代谢产物的和的水平产生影响的因素, 春季 (t=2.147, P=0.032) 、夏季 (t=2.144, P=0.035) 和冬季 (t=2.453, P=0.015) 的较秋季的妇女代谢产物之和高.结论 云南农村地区孕早期妇女广泛存在拟除虫菊酯类农药暴露, 部分妇女暴露水平较高, 且暴露水平与怀孕季节有关.

Pyrethroid Exposure and Related Factors among Pregnant Women in the First Trimester in Rural Yunnan Province,China

Objective To investigate the level and relevant factors of pyrethroid pesticide exposure among pregnant women during the first trimester in rural areas of Yunnan province, and to provide basic data for further study and provide a basis for the formulation of intervention measures to reduce exposure.Me thods According to the birth cohort of rural Yunnan built in 2014, pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited in two townships of an agricultural county who were confirmed pregnant and continued pregnancy in antenatal clinics. The concentration of the metabolites of the pesticides in the urine of women was determined by super high performance liquid chromatography and the contact status of pyrethroid pesticides was analyzed using a questionnaire survey.Re s ults A total of 419 women in the first trimester were surveyed and 94.51% of women detected at least one of the pyrethroid metabolites, among which the detection rates of 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) , cis-/trans-3- (2, 2-Dichloroethenyl) -2, 2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (cis-/trans-DCCA) and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA) were 79.47%, 62.05% and 24.58%, and the median concentrations were3.53 ng/m L, 14.80 ng/m L and less than the minimum detection limit 0.4 ng/m L.Only 12 people (2.95%) reported that they had exposure to pesticides.Self-reported exposure rate was not consistent with the actual exposure rate.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the season was a factor affecting the level of three metabolites in women in the first trimester. Higher lever was found in women in spring (t=2.147, P=0.032) , summer (t=2.144, P=0.035) and winter (t=2.453, P=0.015) compared to those in autumn.Conclus ion Pyrethroid pesticides were widely exposed in the pregnant women in rural areas of Yunnan province. Some women have higher exposure level, which is related to the season.