2011-2015年渭南市市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌污染状况监测与分析

目的 了解渭南市市售食品中单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes, LM)的污染状况,确定可能受污染的食品种类,为消除单增李斯特菌引发的食品安全隐患,保证居民饮食安全,有效预防食源性疾病的暴发提供科学依据。 方法 2011-2015年采集渭南市餐饮服务和流通环节销售的10类共739份食品样品,依据GB 4789.30-2010《单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验》对单增李斯特菌进行分离和鉴定。 结果 739份样品中共检出单增李斯特菌 22株,总检出率为2.98%;2015年单增李斯特菌的检出率最高(7.05%),其次为2013年(3.41%)和2011年(1.96%);不同种类食品中生畜禽肉中单增李斯特菌的检出率最高(17.31%),其次为冷冻挂浆鱼糜制品(5.00%)和熟肉制品(3.33%);不同采样场所中采自零售便利店的样品单增李斯特菌的检出率最高(9.33%),其次为超市(3.57%)和大中小型餐馆(3.08%);不同年份及不同种类食品中单增李斯特菌的检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同季度中第二季度食品单增李斯特菌检出率最高(3.49%)。 结论 2011-2015年渭南市多种食品及食品餐饮流通环节中单增李斯特菌的污染情况较为普遍,存在引发公共卫生问题的安全隐患,相关部门应加强对食品卫生的监督管理,预防食源性疾病的发生。

Contamination status of Listeria monocytogenes in market-sold food in Weinan City, 2011-2015

Objective To investigate the situation of Listeria monocytogenes(L. monocytogenes)contamination in food sold in the markets in Weinan City and to identify the categories ofpossible contaminated food products so as to provide a scientific basis for eliminating the potential food safety hazard caused by L. monocytogenes, ensuring the residents’ food safety and effectively preventing the outbreak of food-borne diseases. Methods A total of 739 samples from 10 categories of food were collected from catering service and circulation links in Weinan City during 2011-2015, and then isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes were performed according to the national food safety standard, Food Microbiological Examination: Listeria monocytogenes (GB 4789.30-2010). Results Totally 22 strains of L. monocytogenes were detected from 739 food samples, with the total detection rate being 2.98%. The detection rate of L. monocytogenes in 2015 was the highest (7.05%), followed by 3.41% in 2013 and 1.96% in 2011. Among the 10 categories of food samples, the detection rate of L. monocytogenes in raw poultry meat was the highest (17.31%), followed by frozen minced fish meat products (5.00%) and cooked meat products (3.33%). Among the different sampling sites, the detection rate of L. monocytogenes in food samples collected from retail/convenience stores was the highest (9.33%), followed by supermarkets (3.57%) and large-, medium- and small-sized restaurants (3.08%). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of L. monocytogenes among the samples collected from different years and different categories of food(P<0.05). Among the different quarters, the detection rate of L. monocytogenes in food samples collected from the second quarter was the highest (3.49%). Conclusions There existed a widespread pollution and potential public health risk of L. monocytogenes in different categories of food, catering service and circulation links in Weinan City during 2011-2015; and hence, the related departments should intensify supervision and management of food sanitation so as to prevent the occurrence of food-borne diseases.