新型特异性靶向前哨淋巴结示踪剂的研究进展

前哨淋巴结活检术（SLNB）广泛应用于乳腺癌、黑色素瘤等恶性肿瘤，其使用的示踪剂主要有放射性核素示踪剂和活性蓝染料，包括近年应用较多的荧光示踪剂，均为非特异性示踪剂，且存在次级淋巴结显影的问题。以B细胞表面的CD20抗原和巨噬细胞表面的甘露糖受体CD206为靶点的新型特异性靶向前哨淋巴结（SLN）示踪剂，通过放射性核素、荧光或两者共同对其进行标记，与常规示踪剂相比，其具有注射部位快速清除、SLN可快速、高摄取以及较少的远端淋巴结显影等特点，满足理想示踪剂的特性。此外，受体靶向荧光放射性药物可以实现术前放射性核素显像与术中荧光成像，研究应用于前列腺癌、结肠癌等肿瘤的SLN活检。笔者主要对新型特异性靶向SLN示踪剂的研究进展进行综述。

Research progress in the new specific receptor-targeted sentinel lymph node agents

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is widely used in melanoma, breast cancer, and other malignancies. Main tracers used are radiotracers, vital blue dyes, and near-infrared fluorescent dyes; however, all have a problem with nonspecific uptake in secondary lymph nodes. The new specific-targeted sentinel node agents, which target points such as CD20 (presenting on the membrane of B lymphocytes) and CD206 (expressing on macrophages and dendritic cells), can be labeled with nuclide, fluorescence, or both. Compared with commonly used agents, these new tracers exhibit rapid clearance from the injection site, rapid uptake, high retention within the sentinel node, and low uptake by distal lymph nodes, thus satisfying the properties of an ideal lymph node imaging agent. A specific-targeted fluorescent radiopharmaceutical approach aims to apply pre-surgical nuclear imaging and intra-operative fluorescence imaging for the sentinel node localization of cancers, such as prostate and colon cancer. This article reviews and summarizes the research progress on these new specific-targeted agents.