浏阳市2016年学校生活饮用水卫生现况及影响因素分析

目的 了解2016年浏阳市学校生活饮用水卫生状况及其影响因素,为制定学校生活饮用水卫生政策提供参考。 方法 2016年10月对浏阳市全市学校地域分布、供水方式、饮水方式和生活饮用水卫生防护情况进行调查,与实验检测水中菌落总数、大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群相结合,分析该市学校生活饮用水卫生现状及其影响因素。 结果 该市学校生活饮用水合格率为44.1%;不同学校类别之间水质合格率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同供水方式中,全市学校自备水源供水覆盖率为60.36%,市政供水13.17%,农村集中式供水40.94%,市政供水(72.09%)和农村集中式供水的合格率(61.37%)均高于自备水源供水(35.74%)的合格率(χ²=67.40,P=0.000);不同饮水方式中,直饮水采用率15.86%,桶装水13.11%,免费开水65.70%,免费开水合格率(7.55%)低于桶装水(49.25%)和直饮水(41.49%)的合格率(χ²=25.09,P=0.000);不同水样类型中,井水(41.8%)和二次供水合格率(100%)高于山泉水(13.68%)的合格率(χ²=32.24,P=0.000);就卫生防护而言,该市学校生活饮用水卫生管理制度完善(93.04%),但流于形式,井水水源、二次供水、直饮水和桶装水卫生防护均存在不足。 结论 2016年浏阳市学校生活饮用水合格率较低,供水环节,自备水源供水特别是山泉水供水卫生防护不足,饮水环节,免费开水卫生防护缺陷是水质合格率低的重要影响因素。

Hygiene status of living drinking water and its influencing factors in schools in Liuyang City, 2016

Objective To investigate the hygiene status of living drinking water and its influencing factors in schools in Liuyang City in 2016, and to provide references for formulating hygiene policy of living drinking water in schools. Methods We investigated the status of district distribution, types of water supply, ways of drinking water and drinking water hygiene protection in all schools in Liuyang City in October 2016, and then analyzed the current status of living drinking water hygiene and its influencing factors in schools based on the detection of the total number of colonies, coliform and heat-resistant coliform bacteria. Results The qualified rate of living drinking water in all schools in Liuyang City was 44.1%, and no statistically significant difference was found in the qualified rate among different types of schools(P>0.05). As for water supply ways, the coverage rates of schools with their own water supply system, schools with municipal water supply and schools with centralized water supply in rural areas were 60.36%, 13.17% and 40.94% respectively. The qualified rate was higher in municipal water supply (72.09%) and centralized water supply (61.37%) in rural areas than in self water supply (35.74%) (χ²=67.40, P=0.000). As for different ways of drinking water, the use rates of direct drinking water, bottled water and free boiling water were 15.86%, 13.11% and 65.70% respectively. The qualified rate was lower in free boiling water (7.55%) than in barreled water (49.25%) and direct drinking water (41.49%) (χ²=25.09, P=0.000). As for different types of water, the qualified rate was higher in well water (41.8%) and secondary water supply (100%)than in mountain spring water (13.68%) (χ²=32.24, P=0.000). As for hygiene protection measures, the hygiene and management system of school drinking water in Liuyang City was good (93.04%), but it was a mere formality and has many shortages in hygiene protection of sources of well water, secondary water supply, direct drinking water and barreled water. Conclusions The qualified rate of living drinking water in Liuyang City in 2016 was low. The important factors affecting the low quality rates of drinking water are insufficient hygiene protection of self-contained water sources, especially mountain spring water, and free boiling water