2014年岳阳市儿童免疫规划疫苗接种状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解岳阳市不同类型儿童(留守与非留守儿童)免疫规划疫苗接种现状及其影响因素,为制定岳阳市免疫规划工作对策提供依据。 方法 2014年采取两阶段按容量比例概念抽样法进行抽样,采用“儿童免疫规划疫苗接种情况入户调查表”入户调查儿童建卡(册)、证情况以及适龄儿童免疫规划疫苗基础免疫/加强免疫接种情况,并采用非条件logistic回归分析接种率的影响因素。 结果 共调查1 650人,其中留守儿童746人(45.2%),非留守儿童904人(54.8%)。 监护人主要为父母(57.5%,949/1 650)和外/祖父母(41.8%,690/1 650);其中父母文化程度以高中或中专为主(81.1%,770/949),外/祖父母以初中及以下为主(99.71%,688/690);留守儿童传统五苗基础免疫接种率(92.80% vs. 97.00%, χ²=15.83, P<0.001)及全程接种率(87.30% vs. 90.40%, χ²=4.03, P=0.045)显著低于非留守儿童;对于留守儿童,男性(OR=0.403)、监护人文化程度高(OR=2.835)、父母收入水平高(OR=0.406)、监护人为母亲(OR=0.328)的传统五苗接种率越高。 结论 儿童性别、监护人文化程度、父母收入水平、监护人类型是影响留守儿童传统五苗合格接种的因素;母亲外出对留守儿童疫苗接种情况影响最大;岳阳市留守儿童基础免疫预防接种工作还有待提高。

Vaccination of children in immunization program andits influencing factors in Yueyang City, 2014

Objective To investigate the vaccination situation among left-behind and non-left-behind children in immunization program in Yueyang City and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for formulating immunization strategies. Methods A two-stage sampling method based on the concept of probability proportional to size was adopted to select children aged 2-3 years in Yueyang City in 2014. A questionnaire about vaccination of children in immunization program was employed to conduct household surveys on the situation of having vaccination card or certification and routine/booster vaccination among the children. Unconditioned logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors affecting the vaccination rate. Results A total of 1,650 children were investigated, including 746 (45.2%) left-behind children and 904 (54.8%) non-left-behind children. The guardians were mainly parents (57.5%, 949/1,650) or grandparents (41.8%, 690/1,650). Most of the parents had an educational background of high school or technical secondary school (81.1%, 770/949), while most of the grandparents an educational background of junior middle school and below (99.71%, 688/690). The coverage rate of five routine vaccines (92.80% vs. 97.00%, χ²=15.83, P<0.05) and whole course vaccination rate (87.30% vs. 90.40%,χ²=4.03, P=0.045)of left-behind children were lower than those of non-left-behind children. For the left-behind children, the coverage rate of five routine vaccines was higher in males (OR=0.403), children having guardians with better educational backgrounds (OR=2.835), children having parents with better income (OR=0.406) and children having mothers as guardians (OR=0.328). Conclusions Gender of the children, educational background of their guardians, income of their parents and types of their guardians are factors affecting the vaccination of five routine vaccines in immunization program in the left-behind children. Mothers who work outside the home have the greatest impact on the vaccination of the left-behind children. The coverage rate of routine immunization in the left-behind children in Yueyang City should be improved in future.