东莞市2016—2017年蚊媒监测结果分析

目的 掌握东莞市蚊媒的种类、不同生境密度分布、季节消长及携带病毒情况,为本市蚊及蚊媒传染病的有效防控提供依据。方法 每月定时、定点选定1个生境进行为期两年的调查,采用成蚊诱蚊灯收集法监测蚊媒种类密度及伊蚊成蚊,蚊诱卵器调查法监测伊蚊幼蚊,采用实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测伊蚊携带登革热病毒情况,利用Excell进行数据统计分析。结果 东莞市2016—2017年蚊媒种类以致倦库蚊为优势种,共捕获415只,占捕获总数的79.35%,捕获白纹伊蚊95只（18.16%）,三带喙库蚊6只（1.15%）,微小按蚊7只（1.34%）,蚊媒密度2.51只/灯。2016—2017年伊蚊成虫平均密度指数为2.78,平均密度为0.03（只/灯）,每年5—9月伊蚊诱蚊指数较高。伊蚊幼虫监测平均布雷图指数（BI）为2.73,每月的BI<5,不具备登革热在城市流行传播的条件。平均容器指数（CI）为3.88,最高峰为6.83,超出了安全警戒线。结论 本次调查获得较为详细的东莞市蚊媒本底资料及伊蚊季节消长规律,伊蚊核酸检测未检出登革热病毒不代表东莞市伊蚊没有传播登革热疾病的可能,今后应建立东莞市蚊媒监测常态化,更科学地做好防蚊灭蚊工作。

Monitoring of mosquito vectors in Dongguan, 2016-2017

Objective To master the species composition, population distribution, seasonal fluctuation and condition of carrying pathogens of mosquitoes in Dongguan City, so as to provide the basic evidence for improving the prevention of mosquito vectors and the control of infectious diseases. Methods Each month, a habitat was selected to survey in a fixed time and point. The adult mosquito trapping lamp method was used to investigate the species and density of mosquitoes, including adult Aedes. The mosq-ovitrap method was used to investigate the larvae of Aedes. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was applied to detect the conditions of pathogens carried by Aedes mosquitoes. Excell was used to analyze the data. Results Culex fatigans was the dominant species, accounting for 79.35%(415), while the proportions of Aedes albopictus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles minimus were 18.16%(95), 1.15%(6), and 1.34%(7) respectively. The annual average adult Ae. albopictus density index was 2.78. The seasonal fluctuation peak of mosquitoes appeared from May to September. The annual average Breteau index (BI) was 2.73. The BI of each month was lower than 5, in which the condition of spreading of dengue fever epidemic was not met. Conclusions The survey shows more detailed background information of mosquitoes and the rule of seasonal fluctuation of Ae. albopictus in Dongguan City. The nucleic acid detection shows there is no dengue virus in Ae. albopictus, but this not means that Ae. albopictus in Dongguan City has no possibility of transmitting dengue fever. From now on, we should establish a normalized survey to protect people against mosquitoes scientifically.