2013年上海市金山区50岁及以上人群甲状腺结节患病情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解金山区50岁及以上人群甲状腺结节的患病情况及影响因素并据此提出健康干预和防治建议。 方法 2013年1-12月,通过分层整群随机抽样,对该区5个乡镇下属的13个居委或村的2 362名50岁及以上的居民进行问卷调查和甲状腺B超检查,运用SPSS 22.0进行统计学分析。 结果 本次研究中共检出患者960名(40.64%),女性患病率(45.45%)高于男性(32.97%)(χ²=36.16,P<0.001),随着年龄的增长,女性的患病率逐渐增加(χ²_趋势=4.44,P=0.035)。logistic回归分析显示:≥70岁人群的患病风险是50~60岁的1.32倍(95%CI:1.02~1.70),男性中60~70岁的是50~60岁的1.69倍(95%CI:1.11~2.57),≥70岁的是50~60岁的1.69倍(95%CI:1.06~2.69),男性中食用海带紫菜类食物＜3次/周的风险是不食用的1.46倍(95%CI:1.01~2.10),女性中饮酒的患病风险是不饮酒的3.72倍(95%CI:1.19~11.64)。 结论 卫生行政部门和医疗机构应加强对该人群尤其是高龄人群和女性的关注以发现更多潜在患者;加强社区宣教,提倡健康的生活方式,避免摄入过量含碘食物,女性人群应限酒或戒酒。

Prevalence and its influencing factors of thyroid nodules among residents aged 50 years and above in Jinshan District of Shanghai, 2013

Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of thyroid nodules among residents aged 50 years and above in Jinshan District and to put forward corresponding health intervention measures and prevention and treatment suggestions. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 2,362 residents aged 50 years and above inthirteen residential committees or villages of five towns in Jinshan District of Shanghai from January to December in 2013. A questionnaire survey and thyroid ultrasonography screening were conducted, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software. Results A total of 960 (40.64%) patients with thyroid nodules were detected. The prevalence rate was higher in females than in males (45.45% vs. 32.97%, χ²=36.16, P<0.001); moreover, the prevalence rate of females gradually increased with the increasing age (χ² tendency=4.44,P=0.035). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of suffering from thyroid nodules inresidents aged 70 years and above was 1.32 times (OR 95%CI:1.02-1.70) that of residents aged 50-60 years, and of male residents aged 60-70 years and ≥70 years respectively 1.69 times (OR 95%CI:1.11-2.57) and 1.69 times (OR 95%CI:1.06-2.69) those of male residents aged 50-60 years. The risk of male residents who ate kelp and seaweed less than 3 times per week was 1.46 times (OR 95%CI:1.01-2.10) that of male residents who did not eat, and the risk of female residents with drinking was 3.72 times (OR 95%CI:1.19-11.64) that of female residents without drinking. Conclusions Health administrative departments and medical institutions should pay more attention to elderly people, especially residents with advanced age and women, so as to detect more potential patients. It is necessary to strengthen community health publicity and education, advocate healthy life style, avoid excessive intake of iodine food, and restrict alcohol consumption or quit drinking among women.