2015年重庆市农村水厂出厂水水质状况分析

目的 全面了解2015年重庆市农村水厂出厂水水质现状,对农村饮水安全提供改进措施和建议。 方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法在全市38个区县抽取846家水厂,对其基本情况进行调查,分别于丰水期和枯水期对出厂水20项水质指标进行了检测和评价。 结果 2015年共监测水样1 691份,其中丰水期合格率28.72%,枯水期合格率38.11%(P＜0.000 1)。出厂水微生物指标、消毒剂余量指标和浑浊度合格率低于70%,其余指标合格率均高于90%。同水期中,江河水合格率高于其他水源,完全处理的合格率高于其他处理方式,采用二氧化氯消毒的合格率高于其他方式,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 2015年重庆市农村水厂出厂水水质合格率总体偏低。应对供水能力＜1 000 m³/d的水厂加强规范化管理;丰水期应加大消毒剂的使用量;增加水厂消毒设施的配备并严格按照要求使用,避免介水传染病的流行或暴发。

Quality of finished water of rural water plants in Chongqing Municipality, 2015

Objective To comprehensively investigate the current situation of finished water quality of rural water plants in Chongqing Municipality in 2015, and to provide improvement measures and suggestions for rural drinking water safety. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 846 water plants in 38 districts and counties in Chongqing Municipality, and their general situations were investigated. Finished water samples were collected in wet and dry seasons respectively, and then 20 indicators regarding the quality of finished water were detected and evaluated. Results A total of 1,691 water samples were monitored in 2015, of which the qualified rates in wet and dry seasons were 28.72% and 38.11% respectively (P<0.0001). The qualified rates of microbiological indicators, disinfectant residual indicators and turbidity indicator of the finished water samples were all less than 70%, but those of the other indicators were all higher than 90%. Under the same water season, the qualified rate was higher in river water than in other source water, higher in complete-treated water than in other-process-treated water as well as higher in water disinfected by chlorine dioxide than in water disinfected by other methods, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions The qualified rate of finished water of rural water plants in Chongqing Municipality in 2015 was generally low. It is necessary to strengthen the standardized management of water plants with water supply capacity < 1,000 m³/d, increase the amount of disinfectant during wet season, add water disinfection facilities and use them in accordance with the requirements so as to avoid the epidemics or outbreaks of water-borne diseases.