胃癌的免疫治疗研究进展

胃癌是全球范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，在我国其发病率和死亡率仅次于肺癌。目前胃癌的主要治疗手段有手术、化疗及放疗，尽管综合治疗有可能治愈早期的胃癌患者，但大多数患者在就诊时已经处于晚期。随着医学免疫学和分子生物学技术的发展，免疫治疗作为一种新兴治疗手段，在肿瘤治疗领域受到广泛关注。肿瘤免疫治疗通过利用并调控机体免疫系统，识别并杀伤肿瘤细胞，达到肿瘤治疗的目的。肿瘤免疫治疗方案包括非特异性免疫增强剂、细胞因子、免疫细胞的过继治疗、肿瘤疫苗、单克隆抗体治疗等。在过去的10余年中，免疫治疗在肿瘤的治疗方面取得了较好的效果，尤其是针对免疫检查点的抗体方面。本文针对近年来免疫治疗在胃癌领域的进展进行综述。 

Research progress of immunotherapy for gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and it has become the second most common tumor following lung cancer in China. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the predominant treatments for gastric cancer. Most patients are diagnosed when they have progressed to advanced cancer, although comprehensive treatment may cure some patients with early-stage gastric cancer. With the rapid development of medical immunology and molecular biology techniques, immunotherapy as a new treatment method has received extensive attention in the field of cancer therapy. Cancer immunology involves destroying tumor cells by activating and training the patient's immune system to recognize tumor cells as targets. This is the goal of tumor therapy. Immunotherapeutic methods now include adoptive T-cell transfer, novel antibody constructs, cytokines, and cancer vaccines. In the last decade, researchers have obtained encouraging results in the field of cancer immunotherapy, especially with the use of checkpoint inhibitors. This article reviews the advances in immunotherapy for gastric cancer.