2015年宁波市15～69岁城乡居民慢性病防治素养及其影响因素分析

目的 掌握2015年宁波市城乡居民慢性病防治素养水平及其影响因素,为全市慢性病防治工作提供科学依据。 方法 于2015年9-10月,采用分层多阶段概率比例规模抽样(PPS)方法,从全市随机8个县(市、区)作为监测点,每个监测点随机抽取4个社区和4个村(无农村地区的中心城区监测点则抽取8个社区),对抽中的社区(村)绘制地图并制作家庭户列表,使用简单随机抽样方法从每个社区(村)抽取140户家庭,实际入户时再用Kish表法从每户抽取1名调查对象进行面对面问卷调查,每个社区(村)调查完成100份为止。采用中国健康教育中心制定的《2015年全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》,实际共完成5 843份。 结果 2015年宁波市居民慢性病防治素养水平为11.23%。慢性病防治素养水平城市高于农村(χ²=30.08,P<0.05),25～34岁年龄组慢性病防治素养水平最高且35岁之后随着年龄增长逐渐下降(χ²=67.97,P<0.05),文化程度越高慢性病防治素养水平越高(χ²=142.81,P<0.05),机关事业单位人员高于其他职业(χ²=84.89,P<0.05),未患慢性病者高于慢性病患者(χ²=15.16,P<0.05),收入较高者高于收入较低者(χ²=53.61,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度越高慢性病防治素养水平越高(OR=5.363,P<0.05)。 结论 宁波市居民慢性病防治素养水平仍有待提升,农村地区,农民、45岁以上中老年人、文化程度较低、低收入、现患慢性病者仍是日后开展慢性病防治健康教育重点区域和人群。

Literacy of chronic disease prevention and control and its influencing factors among urban and rural residents aged 15-69 years in Ningbo City, 2015

Objective To investigate the literacy level of chronic disease prevention and control and its influencing factors among urban and rural residents in Ningbo City in 2015 so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods A stratified multistage sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling(PPS)method were used in this survey from September to October, 2015. We randomly selected 8 counties (cities or districts) in Ningbo City to serve as the monitoring points, and then 4 communities and 4 villages (8 communities instead in monitoring points located in the central downtown without rural areas) were randomly selected in each monitoring point. We made the maps of the selected communities (villages) and the household form, and selected 140 households in each selected community (village) using simply random sampling method. Kish sampling method was used for door-to-door household survey, and then a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted in 1 interviewee selected from each household. 100 questionnaires in each selected community (village) were filled out. The National Residents’ Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire in 2015 which was designed by China Health Education Center was used for the face-to-face questionnaire survey, and 5,843 questionnaires were actually retrieved. Results The literacy level of chronic disease prevention and control in the residents in Ningbo City in 2015 was 11.23%. The level was higher in the urban areas than in the rural areas(χ²=30.08, P<0.05), higher in the staff who worked for public institutions than in the residents with other occupations (χ²=84.89, P<0.05), higher in the residents without chronic diseases than in the ones with chronic diseases (χ²=15.16, P<0.05) as well as higher in the residents with high income than in the ones with low income (χ²=53.61, P<0.05). It was the highest in the age group of 25-34 years and gradually decreased with the increasing age after 35 years old(χ²=67.97, P<0.05). Conclusions The higher the educational background, the higher the literacy level of chronic disease prevention and control(χ²=142.81, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the illiterates/less literate people, those with better educational backgrounds had higher literacy level of chronic disease prevention and control(OR=5.363,P<0.05). Conclusions The literacylevel of chronic disease prevention and control in the residents in Ningbo City still needs to be improved. Farmers in the rural areas, middle-aged and elderly people and residents with poor educational backgrounds, lower income and chronic diseases are still the key population for conducting health education concerning chronic disease prevention and control.