早产儿视网膜病变黄斑中心视网膜微血管形态特征:基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）的观察

目的　采用光学相干断层扫描血管成像（optical coherence tomography angiography，OCTA）观察并分析早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）患儿黄斑中心视网膜微血管网的特征。方法　采用横断面研究，选取有ROP激光治疗病史的7~15岁ROP患儿14例25眼设为ROP组及年龄相对应的足月出生儿童20例40眼设为对照组。使用RTVue XR Avanti-OCTA等仪器对两组儿童的最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity，BCVA）、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（central foveal thickness，CFT）、黄斑中心凹无血管区（foveal avascular zone，FAZ）面积、表层视网膜血管网（superficial retinal capillary plexus，SCP）密度等指标进行检查。采用两独立样本t检验进行统计分析。结果　ROP组和对照组患儿的FAZ面积分别为（0.04±0.05）mm²和（0.29±0.08）mm²，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。ROP组和对照组的SCP密度分别为42.70%±5.90%和35.90%±6.30%，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.010）。ROP组和对照组的CFT分别为（328.50±34.90）μm和（236.80±23.40）μm，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。ROP组和对照组患儿BCVA分别为0.83±0.14和0.85±0.26，组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　ROP组患儿具有更小或没有形成明显的FAZ，同时伴有CFT增厚和SCP密度增加；FAZ面积及CFT对ROP患儿BCVA无明显影响。

Observation of central macular retinal microvascular network morphology of retinopathy of prematurity by optical coherence tomography angiography

Objective　To analyze the characteristics of central macular retinal microvascular network morphology of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Methods　The 7-15 years old ROP children with laser treatment history(ROP group，25 eyes of 14 patients ) and full-term children(control group，40 eyes of 20 patients ) were collected by cross-sectional study.The subjects in the two groups were examined by RTVue XR Avanti-OCTA，and several parameters including the detection of the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)，central foveal thickness (CFT)，foveal avascular zone (FAZ)，macular superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) density were recorded and analyzed statistically with t test in the two groups.Results　The area of FAZ in ROP group was (0.04±0.05)mm²，which was significantly less than that in control group ［(0.29±0.08)mm²］ (P<0.001).The SCP density of ROP group was 42.70%±5.90%，which was significantly higher than that in the control group (35.90%±6.30%) (P<0.001).The CFT in ROP group was (328.50±34.90)μm，which was significantly higher than that in the control group ［(236.80±23.40)μm］(P<0.001).The BCVA was 0.83±0.14 in ROP group and 0.85±0.26 in the control group，respectively，without significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusion　ROP children have smaller or undefined FAZ，the thickened CFT and the increased SCP density，and the BCVA is not affected by the FAZ area and CFT in this study.