2016年湖南省钉螺分布状况调查

目的 进一步了解湖南省境内钉螺分布规律,为省内“精准血防”的开展提供参考。 方法 按照国家卫生计生委关于开展全国钉螺普查的相关要求,以中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所发布的《全国钉螺调查方案》为实施标准,在2016年春季查螺期间采取系统抽样结合环境抽样的方法,对全省现有钉螺环境、历史有螺环境以及可疑环境进行钉螺分布情况调查。建立各环境标准查螺数据库,统计分析现有钉螺面积、流行区类型、环境类型、植被等分布情况。 结果 2016年全省完成钉螺普查392.07万框,调查面积32.49亿m²,查获活螺31.95万只,活螺密度0.081只/框。共查出钉螺环境1 707处,钉螺面积16.63亿m²,其中垸内钉螺912处,面积1 725.48万m²。全省41个疫区县有31个县发现现有钉螺孳生环境,分布在170个乡镇的743个行政村。全省现存钉螺疫区流行类型以湖沼型为主,占总有螺面积97.5%;环境类型以垸外滩地为主,占54.5%;植被环境以杂草为主,占70.5%。全面完成了湖南省41个疫区县级单位钉螺分布调查、螺情资料汇编、有螺环境地理信息采集和地理信息系统(Google Earth平台)地图绘制。 结论 通过此次钉螺普查,全面掌握湖南省钉螺的分布状况,为全省血吸虫病监测与防治提供依据。

Distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Hunan Province, 2016

Objective To further investigate the distribution regularity of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Hunan Province so as to provide a basis for implementing the accurate schistosomiasis control strategy in the province. Methods In accordance with the requirements for the national census of Oncomelania hupensis snail by National Health and Family Planning Commission and the National Scheme on Oncomelania hupensis Snail Survey formulated by National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a provincial-wide survey on existing, historical and suspicious habitats for Oncomelania hupensis snails in Hunan Province was conducted via system sampling combined with environment-based sampling in the spring of 2016. Based on the database in this survey, the corresponding snail indicators at the provincial level, such as the existing distribution areas, epidemiological types, environmental types and vegetation kinds were reviewed. Results Totally, 3.9207 million frames were sampled for snails checking from an area of 3.249 billion m2 in the whole province, with a collection of 319.5 thousand snails and a density of 0.081 living snail/frame. There were a total area of 1.663 billion m2 and 1,707 snail breeding places detected, of which 912 places were attributed to within the embankment areas, with a total area of 17.2548 million m2. Among the 41 counties endemic for schistosomiasis on record, the existing habitats of Oncomelania hupensis snails were found in 31 counties, which were distributed in 743 administrative villages of 170 townships. Marshland dominated over the epidemiological types of the existing endemic areas, accounting for 97.5% of the total areas with the snails. 54.5% of snail habitats were located in the low-lying zones of marshland areas. And Weeds accounted for 70.5% of the vegetation types. A snail census in the provincial-wide covering 41 counties endemic for schistosomiasis on record was conducted in 2016, and the snail data compilation, collection of geographically environmental information in snail habitats and map drawing based on GPS from this investigation were also completed. Conclusions The distribution profile of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Hunan Province is comprehensively surveyed through this snail census,and its results can provide a basis for surveillance, prevention and control of the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis.