2012年北京市西城区健康人群风疹抗体水平调查及疫苗免疫效果分析

目的 评估2012年北京市西城区健康人群风疹抗体水平及疫苗的免疫效果,为预防控制风疹及完善疫苗免疫策略提供科学依据。 方法 2012年随机抽取西城区10个居委会为调查点,选择在当地连续居住6个月以上的本市和外省健康人群,采集血清标本共220份,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定风疹IgG抗体,同时调查免疫史、患病史及人口学特征。 结果 风疹IgG抗体阳性率为90.00%,抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)为40.78 IU/ml,不同性别、不同户籍风疹抗体阳性率和GMC比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。有免疫史人群风疹抗体阳性率和GMC均高于无免疫史人群(均P<0.001)。接种风疹疫苗5年后,抗体阳性率仍维持在较高水平。不同年龄组人群中,风疹抗体阳性率和GMC比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1.5~岁,6~岁,15~岁及35~岁组,风疹抗体阳性率在95.45%~100%之间。25~34岁年龄组风疹抗体阳性率为88.64%,低于其他年龄组(P<0.05)。风疹抗体GMC随年龄增长和免疫后时间延长而逐渐下降。 结论 风疹疫苗的免疫效果持久。2012年北京市西城区健康人群风疹抗体保持在较高水平,预测近期不会发生风疹暴发流行。应继续做好疫情监测,当出现风疹流行迹象时,建议对育龄妇女开展风疹疫苗加强免疫,预防先天性风疹综合征的发生。

Rubella antibody level and immune effect of rubella vaccine among healthy population in Xicheng District of Beijing, 2012

Objective To evaluate the rubella antibody level and immune effect of rubellavaccine among healthy population in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2012, and to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling rubella and improving its immunization strategy. Methods Ten communities were randomly selected in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2012 to serve as the survey sites. A total of 220 serum samples were collected from local and floating healthy populations who had lived in Xicheng District for more than 6 months. ELISA was used to determine the IgG antibody against rubella; meanwhile, the vaccination history, disease history and demographic characteristics were investigated. Results The rubella antibody positive rate was 90.00%, and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) was 40.78 IU/ml. No statistically significant differences were found in the rubella antibody positive rate and GMC among populations with different genders and different household registration(both P>0.05). The rubellaantibody positive rate and GMC were both higher in populations with vaccination history than those without (both P<0.001). 5 years after rubella vaccination, the positive rate of rubella antibody still retained at high level. The antibody positive rate and GMC in populations from different age groups were statistically different (P<0.05). The rubella antibody positive rates of the age groups of 1.5-, 6-, 15- and 35- years ranged between 95.45% and 100%, but that of the age group of 25-<35 years was 88.64%, which was lower than those of the other age groups (P<0.05). The GMC of antibody against rubella was gradually decreased with the increasing age and years after immunization. Conclusions The rubella vaccine has a good immune persistence. The rubella antibody positive rate in healthy people in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2012 remained at a high level, whichpredicted that rubella outbreak would not occur recently in Xicheng District. It is necessary to constantly strengthen rubella surveillance and intensify its immunization among women of childbearing age when there are signs of rubella epidemic so as to prevent the occurrence of congenital rubella syndrome