端粒长度在细胞癌变和预测肿瘤风险中的作用

端粒与人类的衰老和肿瘤密切相关。端粒是真核生物染色体末端一段特殊的结构，能够防止染色体末端降解、融合和重排，在维持基因组的稳定性和完整性方面具有重要作用。在整个生命周期中，体细胞的端粒长度是逐渐缩短的，但肿瘤细胞由于端粒酶的重新激活具有稳定的端粒长度和永生化的特征。端粒长度缩短往往增加衰老相关疾病的风险而端粒长度增长往往增加肿瘤的风险。近年来，大量研究证实端粒长度的改变影响肿瘤发生发展，而且端粒长度可以预测肿瘤风险，显示出端粒长度在精准诊疗中的重要意义，因此，本文将对端粒长度在细胞癌变和预测肿瘤风险中的作用进行综述。 

Role of telomere length in cell carcinogenesis and tumor risk prediction

Telomeres are closely related to human aging and tumors. Telomeres are special structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, which can prevent degradation, fusion, and rearrangement of the ends of chromosomes, and play an important role in maintaining the stability and integrity of the genome. In an individual's lifetime, the telomere length of somatic cells gradually shortens with time, but tumor cells have stable telomere lengths and permanent biochemical characteristics due to the reactivation of telomerase. Shortening of telomere length often increases the risk of aging-related diseases, while telomere length extension increases the risk of tumors. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed that the change in telomere length affects the development of tumors and that telomere length can predict tumor risk, showing the significance of telomere length in accurate diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the role of telomere length in cell carcinogenesis and tumor risk prediction.