2016年辽宁省本溪市明山区城郊接合部18~36月龄儿童生长发育状况及影响因素

目的 调查2016年辽宁省本溪市明山区城郊结合部儿童的营养状况及大运动发育状况,探寻其影响因素。 方法 调查2016年11-12月在辽宁省本溪市明山区卧龙卫生服务中心儿保科体检的所有18~36月龄儿童及其母亲,共计91组。测量儿童的身高、体重,计算年龄别身高(height-for-age Z-score, HAZ)、年龄别体重(weight-for-age Z-score, WAZ)和身高别体重(weight-for-height Z-score, WHZ)的Z评分。通过访谈调查儿童及其母亲的基本信息、儿童运动里程碑的达成情况、母乳喂养及辅食添加情况、家庭经济水平。 结果 儿童生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦的检出率分别为3.3%、2.2%、5.5%; 超重风险加超重的检出率为29.7%;大运动发育迟缓检出率为0%。剖宫产、人工喂养、中等家庭收入儿童的Z评分分别高于自然分娩、纯母乳及混合喂养、低高收入家庭儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。纯母乳喂养的儿童达到运动成长里程碑的时间早于混合和人工喂养的儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 2016年本溪市城郊接合部儿童超重率较高,开展健康教育、鼓励自然分娩、提倡母乳喂养有助于该地区及类似地区儿童健康的生长发育。

Growth and development and its influencing factors among 18-36 months old childrenin suburban area of Mingshan District,Benxi City,Liaoning Province, 2016

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and gross motor development of children in suburban area of Mingshan Distract, Benxi City, Liaoning Province, 2016, and to explore their influencing factors. Methods All of the children aged 18-36 months who had physical examination at Department of Child Health Care of Wolong Community Health Service Center from November to December 2016 and their mothers were selected, and there were altogether 91 pairs. Height and weight were assessed to calculate height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ). General information of children and their mothers, achievement of gross motor developmental milestones of children, status of breastfeeding and introduction of complementary food and family income were surveyed by interviews. Results The prevalence rates of stunting, underweight and wasting were 3.3%, 2.2% and 5.5% respectively. The prevalence rate of being at risk of overweight and overweight was 29.7%. There were no delays in achievement of gross motor developmental milestones. Z-values of children delivered by cesarean section, children with artificial feeding and children from moderate-income families were respectively higher than those of children with vaginal delivery, children with exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding and children from low- and high-income families, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Exclusive breastfeeding children achieved gross motor developmental milestones earlier than mixed and artificial feeding children, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rate of overweight in children in suburban area of Benxi City in 2016 was relatively high. Launching health education, promoting vaginal delivery and advocating breastfeeding are conducive to growth and development of children in this suburban area and similar areas.