2017年江苏省某煤矿接尘职工职业健康检查结果分析

目的 通过对某煤矿接尘职工职业健康检查结果的分析, 探讨煤尘对职工身体健康的影响, 为煤工尘肺的早期预防提供参考依据。
方法 将该煤矿2 224名在岗工人按工种大致分为3类:1类工种接触煤尘浓度较高; 2类工种接触煤尘浓度较低(大多低于职业接触限值); 3类工种接触煤尘很少甚至不接触。对不同岗位职工进行职业健康检查, 并对职工胸片和肺功能异常的影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。
结果 发现职业禁忌证54人, 其中尘肺病10人。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:1类工种与2、3类工种相比, 工人胸片异常、肺功能异常的风险较高(P < 0.01);同接尘工龄较短的工人相比, 接尘工龄较长工人胸片异常和肺功能异常的风险较高(P < 0.01或0.05);吸烟是引起胸片异常和肺功能异常的重要危险因素。
结论 煤尘对接尘职工身体健康有较大危害, 煤矿企业应不断努力改善接尘工人的工作环境, 尽一切努力降低工人煤尘接触水平。

Analysis on occupational health examination data of dust-exposed workers in a coal mine of Jiangsu Province in 2017

Objective The occupational health examination data of dust-exposed workers in a coal mine was analyzed to observe the adverse effects of coal dust on workers' health and provide orientation for early prevention of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Methods According to the exposure condition, 2 224 examined workers were divided into 3 groups. The exposure level of workers in Group 1 was heavy and the concentration of coal dust at workplaces was higher, while the exposure level of workers in Group 2 was relatively low and the concentration of coal dust at workplaces was lower than national OELs. The workers in Group 3 exposed to little or no coal dust within the company. The data of 3 groups was compared and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to observe the affecting factors on abnormality of chest radiography and pulmonary function of the workers. Results Among 2 224 workers, 54 occupational contraindications were found, including 10 pneumoconiosis cases. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the workers in Group 1(heavy exposure) had a higher risk of suffering with abnormality of chest radiography and lung function, compared with workers in Group 2 and 3(P < 0.01). The workers with longer exposure time had a higher risk of suffering with abnormality of chest radiography and lung function(P < 0.01 or 0.05), and smoking played a very important role in it. Conclusion Heavy exposure to coal dust causes serious problem about health of occupationally exposed workers. The coal mine company should strive continuously to improve working environment quality and reduce the exposure level of workers by all means.