儿童A型流感和B型流感的临床特征分析

 目的 回顾性分析599例确诊流感患儿的临床资料，总结儿童A型流感与B型流感的临床特征。方法 选取2015-04至2016-03就诊于医院的599例病例，通过鼻咽拭子分泌物胶体金法免疫层析法结果分为A型流感组和B型流感组，全部资料采取JMP软件进行录入和统计学处理。结果 A型流感和B型流感患儿未表现出显著性别差异，患病高发年龄为小于4岁的幼儿，但A型流感发病年龄中位数3岁6个月显著小于B型流感年龄中位数4岁6个月。流感全年高发季节为冬季，春季略有下降，但仍维持较高发病率，其中A型流感全年发病率45.8%，B型流感发病率54.2%，冬季A型流感发病率53.9%，B型流感发病率46.1%，将年龄与伴随腹泻的患儿进行相关性分析，结果提示4岁以下患儿腹泻发生率较4岁以上明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P=0.0251）。结论 流感好发于4岁以下的婴幼儿，A型流感更多见于低龄患儿，冬春季节为A型和B型流感共同好发的季节，但在春季可能存在B型流感的高发趋势。 4岁以下的流感患儿腹泻症状比例显著增高，提示着在流感好发季节，以腹泻症状就诊的患儿应对注意流感与其他腹泻疾病的鉴别。

Clinical characteristics of influenza A and influenza B in children

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of influenza A and influenza B in children. Methods Five hundred and ninety nine cases treated in Beijing New Century Women and Children’s Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 were divided into influenza A group and influenza B group. All the data was inputted and statistically analyzed using JMP software. Results Patients with influenza A and influenza B did not show significant difference in gender. Influenza A was prevalent among children under 4 years old, but the median age of patients with influenza A, which was 3.5 years, was younger than that of influenza B, which was 4.5 years. Influenza was more prevalent in winter than in spring. Cases of influenza A accounted for 45.8% of the total and those of influenza B made up 54.2% in a year. The incidence of influenza A was 53.9% and that of influenza B was 46.1% in winter. The incidence of diarrhea among children under 4 years of age was much higher than among those above 4 （P=0.0251）. Conclusions Influenza often occurs in infants and young children under 4 years old. Winter and spring are seasons in which influenza A and B often occur.Cases of influenza B tend to increase in spring. The proportion of diarrhea symptoms in children with influenza less than 4 years old is significantly higher, suggesting that children who have diarrhea are at risk of influenza in the flu season.