东莞市2010—2016年病毒性腹泻监测及分析

目的 了解东莞市病毒性腹泻的病原体谱构成及流行情况,为东莞市病毒性腹泻防治提供资料依据。方法 2010年7月开始,每周从监测点医院采集感染性腹泻患者的粪便样品,采用 ELISA方法检测轮状病毒抗原,荧光PCR方法检测诺如病毒、腺病毒、星状病毒核酸。结果 2010—2016年共检测粪便样品5 026份,全部检测轮状病毒和诺如病毒,其中600份检测腺病毒和星状病毒。4种病原体的阳性率分别为15.96%(802/5 026)、14.56%(732/5 026)、5%(30/600),1.33%(8/600),总检测阳性率为 30.18%。轮状病毒、诺如GⅡ型病毒、腺病毒、星状病毒发病集中在2岁以下低龄儿童,各病原体2岁以下儿童感染比例分别为69.10%、62.26%、82.14%、71.43%。轮状病毒每年有1个流行高峰,每年12月份至次年1月达高峰。诺如GⅡ型病毒每年有2个流行高峰,3月和8月达高峰。结论 监测的4种病原体中,轮状病毒和诺如病毒为病毒性腹泻的主要病原体,两者的阳性率相近。诺如病毒以GⅡ型为主。轮状病毒、诺如GⅡ型病毒、腺病毒和星状病毒主要感染2岁以下的婴幼儿,轮状病毒和诺如GⅡ型病毒感染有较强的季节性。

Surveillance of viral diarrhea in Dongguan, 2010- 2016

Objective To understand the pathogen composition and epidemic situation of viral diarrhea in Dongguan City. Methods The fecal samples of infectious diarrhea patients were collected every week from the surveillance sites to detect 4 pathogens: rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. ELISA was used to detect rotavirus antigen, and fluorescence PCR was used to detect norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus. Results From 2010 to 2016, 5 026 fecal samples were detected, and all were detected for rotavirus and norovirus, of which 600 were detected for adenovirus and astrovirus. The positive rates of 4 pathogens were 15.96% (802/5 026), 14.56% (732/5 026), 5% (30/600) and 1.33% (8/600), respectively, and the total positive rate was 30.18%. Rotavirus, norovirus GⅡ, adenovirus, and astrovirus were concentrated in younger children under 2 years old, and the infection rates of pathogens above-mentioned in the children under 2 years old were 69.10%, 62.26%, 82.14%, and 71.43%, respectively. Rotavirus had one epidemic peak each year, reaching its peak from December to January of the following year. Norovirus GⅡ had two epidemic peaks each year, reaching its peak in March and August. Conclusions Rotavirus and norovirus are the major pathogens of viral diarrhea, and the positive rates are similar. Norovirus GⅡ is the main type of norovirus. Rotavirus, norovirus GⅡ, adenovirus, and astrovirus mainly infect the infants under 2 years of age, and rotavirus and norovirus GⅡ infections are more seasonal.