2011-2016年某市吸毒人群HIV、梅毒螺旋体及丙肝病毒感染现状

目的 了解惠州市吸毒人群HIV、梅毒螺旋体及丙肝病毒的感染情况,为开展干预工作和制定相关预防措施提供依据。 方法 对惠州市2011-2016年2 543名吸毒人员进行问卷调查,收集人口学和行为学情况资料,并采集血样进行HIV、HCV、梅毒抗体检测。 结果 共调查2 543名吸毒人员,20~40岁男性所占比例较大;2011-2016年注射吸毒人员比例下降,非注射吸毒人员比例上升(χ²_趋势=179.272 6, P<0.05); HIV年均感染率为1.06%,性别间差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.028, P>0.05);梅毒年均感染率为6.41%,女性明显高于男性且差异有统计学意义(χ²=65.035, P<0.05);丙肝年均感染率为39.36%,男性高于女性且差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.278, P<0.05);HIV感染率年度间变化差异无统计学意义(χ²=7.045, P>0.05),梅毒和丙肝感染率呈逐年下降趋势(梅毒χ²_趋势=15.094, P<0.05;丙肝χ²_趋势=112.791, P<0.05)。 结论 继续加强对吸毒人群宣传干预和针具交换项目的开展,大力推广100%使用安全套的同时,要加强对新型毒品使用人群的重视和女性吸毒者的干预;本地区多年对吸毒人群的艾滋病防治策略是有效和成功的,下一步艾滋病防治工作重点人群可以有所调整。

HIV, Treponema pallidum and HCV infections among drug abusers in a city, 2011-2016

Objective To understand the status of HIV, Treponema pallidum and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among drug abusers in Huizhou City, and to provide a basis for the development of prevention and intervention strategies. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2,543 drug abusers in Huizhou City in 2011-2016, and demographic and behavioral data were collected. Serum antibodies against HIV, HCV and Treponema pallidum were detected by ELISA. Results Among the 2,543 drug addicts investigated, men aged 20-40 years had a larger proportion. The proportion of injection drug users decreased from 2011 to 2016, but the proportion of non-injection drug users increased (χ²_trend=179.2726, P<0.05). The annual infection rate of HIV was 1.06%, showing nosignificant difference between males and females(χ²=0.028, P>0.05). The annual infection rate of syphilis was 6.41%, and was significantly higher in females than in males(χ²=65.035, P<0.05). The annual infection rate of hepatitis C was 39.36%, and was significantly higher in males than in females(χ²=4.278, P<0.05). The rate of HIV infection did not vary among the years(χ²=7.045, P>0.05), while the infection rates of Treponema pallidum and hepatitis C decreased year by year(χ²_trend=15.094, P<0.05; χ²_trend=112.791, P<0.05). Conclusions The project of propaganda intervention and needle exchange should be continually strengthened among drug abusers. Attention to new drug abusers and intervention on female drug addicts shoud be enhanced when use of condoms is continually vigorously promoted. HIV/AIDS prevention and control among drug addicts in Huizhou City is effective and successful; and hence, the key population of HIV/AIDS prevention and control can be adjustedin future.