The effects of additional hollow cylinder coated to external fixator screws for treating pilon fracture: A biomechanical perspective |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Medical Devices and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;2. Bioinpired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;3. Universiti Kuala Lumpur, British Malaysian Institute, Bt 8, Jalan Sg Pusu, 53100, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, ETSII, Technical University of Madrid, 28006, Madrid, Spain;5. Sports Innovation and Technology Centre (SITC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;1. Cambridge Orthopaedic Pelvic Unit (COPU), Addenbrooke''s Hospital Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom;2. Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom;1. Department of Veterinary Surgery, Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Access Road Highway Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castelane S / N, Vila Industrial, [Zip Code]: 14884-900, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil;2. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 - Santa Monica, [Zip Code]: 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil;3. Institute of Biology, Campinas State University, Street Monteiro Lobato, 255. [Zip Code]: 1308-862, Campinas-SP, Brazil;4. Veterinarian, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue Mato Grosso, 3289 – Código postal [Zip Code]: 38405-314, Bloco 2S - Umuarama, Uberlândia - MG, Brazil;5. Department of Veterinary Surgery, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Mato Grosso, 3289 - [Zip Code]: 38405-314, Bloco 2S - Umuarama, Uberlândia - MG, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | An external fixator is a promising medical device that could provide optimum stability and reduce the rate of complications in treating bone fracture during intervention period. It is noted that the biomechanics behaviour of device can be altered by introducing more features such as material suitability and additional components. Therefore, this study was conducted via finite element method to investigate the effects of additional hollow cylinder coated with external fixator screws in treating Type III pilon fracture. Finite element models which have been validated with experimental data were used to simulate stresses at the pin-bone interface and relative micromovement at interfragmentary fractures during swing (70 N load) and stance phases (350 N load). All bones and external fixators were assigned with isotropic material properties while the cartilages were simulated with hyper-elastic. For the hollow cylinder, polyethylene was assigned due to its properties which are equivalent to the bone. From the results, it is found that stresses at the pin-bone interface for the coated screws were reduced to 54% as compared to the conventional fixator. For the micromovement, there was no difference between both models, whereby the value was 0.03 mm. The results supported previously published literature, in which high stresses are unavoidable at the interface, fortunately, those stresses did not exceed the ultimate strength of bone, which is safe for treating patients. In conclusion, if patients are allowed to bear weight bearing, the external fixator with coated screws is a more favourable option to be fixed into the bone to avoid complications at the interface. |
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