8～13岁儿童的归因风格特点初探

目的了解小学生特有的归因风格特点,以便针对性地培育良好归因风格。方法采用儿童归因风格问卷(CASQ),对河南、江西两地共2109名3~6年级的小学生进行调查。结果在归因问卷的各个维度上,小学女生均比男生得分高,除负性事件普遍化、永久化和无望感外,其他维度得分差异均达统计学意义(P0.05)。在归因各维度得分上,年级差异显著(P0.05),小学高年级学生负性事件的普遍、永久和内在归因得分高(F=2.84,P0.05;F=6.33,P0.001;F=3.40,P0.05),无望归因得分高(F=6.16,P0.001);小学低年级学生在正性事件的普遍、永久归因上得分低(F=10.79,P0.001;F=9.19,P0.01),但内归因得分高(F=3.59,P0.05)。结论小学女生整体上比男生乐观,其归因风格异于男生。小学高年级学生易于对负性事件做悲观归因,低年级学生不善于将正性事件的原因推广,但具有内归因的倾向。提示教师和家长要注意有针对性地、适时地关注孩子的归因风格训练,帮助其养成积极的归因倾向,为学生迈入青春期做好准备。

The Primary Exploration of the Attributional Style of Children Aged at 8~13

Objective To understand male and female pupils＇unique characteristics of the attributional style in order to cultivate good attributional style appropriatelyin children.Methods Convenient samples of 2109 students from Henan and Jiangxi were assessed with Children＇s Attributional Style Questionnaire（ CASQ） .Results ①On each dimension of CASQ,girls scored higher than boys,except the dimensions of PVB（pervasive-bad event）,PMB（permanent-bad events） and HoB（hopelessness-bad events）,score differences between them all were statistically significant（P 〈0.05）.②Significant differences were found among grades on each dimension of CASQ.Upper pupils got higher scores in PVB,PMB,PSB（bad events） and HoB（F=2.84,P〈0.05;F=6.33,P〈0.001;F=3.40,P〈0.05,F=6.16,P〈0.001）;Lower pupils got lower scores in PVG（pervasive-good vents）,PMG（permanent-good events）,but higher in PSG（personal-good events）（F=10.79,P〈0.001;F=9.19,P〈0.01;F=3.59,P〈0.05）.Conclusion Female pupils are more optimistic than male,and their structure of attribution style is different from male＇s.Upper pupils tend to be pessimistic for bad events.Lower pupils tend to personalize good events but not generalize the good events pervasively and permanently.Teachers and parents should pay attention for training children＇s attributional style appropriately and timely to shape positive attributional style and prepare them for puberty.