儿童期受虐医学生分离特质的特点及其影响因素

目的研究儿童期受虐待医学生分离特质的特点及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样法,对262名医学生进行儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、解离特质量表(DTS)、不安全感心理自评量表(SRFIS)、简式大五人格问卷(NEO-FFI-R)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)、自尊量表(SES)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、人口社会经济学资料调查问卷等测试。结果儿童期受虐待医学生的分离特质总分和各维度分数高于未受虐待者(t=2.609~3.860,P0.01);分离特质与躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、忽视、神经质、不安全感、不成熟防御、中间型防御、掩饰呈正相关(r=0.13~0.69,P0.05),与外向性、开放性、友善性、谨慎性、自尊、一般自我效能呈负相关(r=-0.13~-0.56,P0.05)。逐步回归分析发现,在控制其他因素的影响后,不成熟防御、不安全感、儿童期虐待、神经质分别与医学生的分离特质呈正相关(Beta值=0.093~0.463,P0.05);外向性、谨慎性、开放性、一般自我效能分别与分离特质呈负相关(Beta值=-0.099~-0.381,P0.05)。结论儿童期受虐待经历对医学生的分离特质具有不良影响,不成熟防御方式、不安全感、人格特质是影响其分离特质的重要因素。

Characteristics of Dissociative Trait in Medlical College Students and Its Relationship with Childhood Abuse

Objective To study the characteristics of dissociative trait in medical college students and its relationship with childhood abuse.Methods Through stratified sampling,262 medical college students were investigated by Personal Report of Childhood Abuse （PRCA）,Dissociative Trait Scale（DTS）,Self-Rating Feeling of Insecurity Scale（SRFIS）,Revised NEO Five-Factor Inventory（NEO-FFI-R） ,Defense Style Questionnaire （ DSQ） ,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale（ SES） ,General self-efficacy scale（ GSES） and Social Population Economics Scale.Results Compared with no-abused students,the abused students had significantly higher total and factor scores of DTS（t=2.609~3.860,P〈0.01）.The DTS scores of students were related positively with physical abuse,emotional abuse, sexual abuse,neglect abuse,neuroticism,insecurity,immature defense style,middle defense style and the covering factor of defense style （r=0.13~0.69,P〈0.05）,negatively with extraversion,openness,agreeableness,conscientiousness,self-esteem and general self-ef-ficacy （r=-0.13~-0.56,P〈0.05）.Stepwise regression showed that the dissociative trait was predicted positively by immature defense style,insecurity,childhood abuse and neuroticism （Beta=0.093 ~0.463,P〈0.05）,negatively by extraversion,openness,conscien-tiousness and general self -efficacy （Beta =-0.099 ~-0.381,P 〈0.05）.Conclusion The dissociative trait of medical college students is influenced by childhood abuse,immature defense style,insecurity and personality.