An assessment of a urinary biomarker for total human environmental exposure to benzo[a]pyrene |
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Authors: | Timothy J Buckley Jed M Waldman Ramana Dhara Arthur Greenberg Zheng Ouyang Paul J Lioy |
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Institution: | (1) Joint Graduate Teaching Program in Exposure Assessment, Department of Environmental Science of Rutgers University and UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, 08854-5635 Piscataway, NJ, USA;(2) Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute and The Department of Environmental and Community Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, 00854-5635 Piscataway, NJ, USA;(3) Department of Environmental Science, Rutgers University, Cook College, 08903 New Brunswick, NJ, USA;(4) Present address: Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory of the U.S. EPA, MD-56, 27711 Research Triangle Park, NC, USA |
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Abstract: | Urinary banzoa]pyrene (BaP) metabolite levels were compared to human environmental exposure to BaP through inhalation and dietary ingestion to assess the predictive validity of the exposure biomarker. These measurements were made for 14 adult volunteers over 14 consecutive days, once during summer/fall, again during winter periods. Based on personal air monitoring, median potential inhalation doses of 11.0 and 2.3 ng/day were estimated for the winter and summer/fall studies, respectively. A median potential ingested dose of 176 ng/day, estimated from duplicate plate sampling, exceeded inhalation by 6-and 122-fold for the winter and summer/fall studies, respectively. Total urinary BaP metabolites were measured using a published reverse metabolism (BaP) method of analysis. Median rates of urinary BaP metabolite elimination for the winter and summer/fall studies were 121 and 129 ng/day, respectively. The changes in inhaled and ingested potential doses were regressed on the change in urinary metabolite elimination from week 1 to week 2 to test the predictive validity of the biomarker measurement. The regression was statistically significant (r = 0.620, p = 0.015, n = 25) when body weight was included and two extreme values were removed. Consistent with the exposure measurements showing diet as the dominant route of exposure, most of the variation in urinary metabolite elimination was explained by the ingested dose. It is concluded that the measurement of urinary BaP by reverse metabolism is qualitative and of marginal predictive validity as an exposure biomarker due to the method's low recoveries and the large unexplained variance. |
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Keywords: | Benzo[a]pyrene Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Biomarker Reverse metabolism Human exposure |
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