意外伤害住院患儿流行病学分析

目的探讨儿童意外伤害的危险因素及预防措施。方法收集１９８７年１０月～１９９７年１０月因意外伤害住院的１５０３例患儿的相关临床资料，将伤害类型分为烧烫伤、跌伤、交通意外、炸伤、砸伤、锐器伤、中毒、其他（包括电击伤、溺水、动物咬伤、气管异物等）８种，分组调查分析。结果意外伤害发生的年龄顺位依次为：学龄前儿童、幼儿、学龄儿、青春期、婴儿；男性明显高于女性；农村意外伤害率明显高于县镇和城市。居前三位的伤害为：烧伤、跌伤及交通意外。前后５年伤害谱有所变化。结论儿童面临意外伤害的挑战日益严峻，但并非不可预防和避免，应采取积极有效综合防范措施，并把重点放在农村。

Epidemiological analysis of children hospitalized for accidental injuries

Objective To explore the risk factors and preventive measures of accidental injuries among children. Methods 1503 cases of accidental injured hospitalized children from Oct.1987 to Oct .1997 were investigated and analyzed.Injuries were grouped into eight types:burn and scald,injuries from falls, traffic accident,bomb injury,pound injury, sharp - instrament hurt,intoxication,and others(including electrical shock,drown, animal bite,intratracheal foreign body etc). Results The rank order of accidental injury by age was as follows: preschoolers,toddlers ,school - ages,adolescents and infants. The male's rate was obviously higher than that of the female's. The rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas.The leading three kinds of injuries were burns,injuries from falls and traffic accident.There were some changes in injury between the former and later 5 years. Conclusions The challenge of accidental injuries to children is more serious,but it is avoidable.Comprehensive preventive measures should be taken actively and effectively.And the focal point is in the rural areas.