Development and psychometric properties of the tobacco and nicotine consequences scale (TANCS) to screen for cigarette and e-cigarette misuse in community settings |
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| Institution: | 1. Primary Care Unit, Faculty of medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;2. Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), INSERM, U1178 Villejuif, France;3. Unité Santé Jeunes, Department of Primary Care and Department of Gynecology and Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;1. RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America;2. Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States of America;3. Office of Health Communication and Education, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States of America;1. Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, 220 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549-2200, USA;2. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning & Evaluation, US Department of Health & Human Services, USA;3. Department of Health Services Administration, University of Maryland, USA;4. College of Arts and Sciences, Stony Brook University, USA;1. University of Vermont, Department of Psychological Science, Burlington, VT, USA;2. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT, USA;3. Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA;4. University of Vermont, Statistical Software Support and Consulting Services, Burlington, VT, USA;5. Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Psychiatry, Hanover, NH, USA;1. Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America;2. Division of General Internal Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America;3. Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America;4. Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionTo date, there are no existing measures of tobacco or nicotine misuse (i.e., negative consequences). The goal of the present study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of a novel scale, the Tobacco and Nicotine Consequences Scale (TANCS) to assess tobacco and nicotine misuse among cigarette smokers and e-cig users.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data using an anonymous survey to assess tobacco and nicotine use expectancies, behaviors, and negative consequences of use. Of the 607 participants who attempted the survey, 491 participants (80.8%) completed the TANCS items. A split-half validation method was used to assess the structure and validity of the TANCS using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis produced a five-factor solution, and the confirmatory factor analysis supported the factor structure with results providing an excellent fit to the data (CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.015, SRMR = 0.052). A total of 17 items were retained. The overall scale showed excellent reliability (α = 0.91) with subscale alphas between 0.68 and 0.90.The scale was significantly correlated to nicotine dependence and smoking expectancies, measured by the Fagerstrom Test Cigarette Dependence and Smoking Effects Questionnaire, respectively, suggesting the TANCS is a valid measure of tobacco and nicotine misuse. Total and subscale scores differed between participants preferring cigarettes or e-cigarettes.ConclusionsThe TANCS is a brief, reliable measure of tobacco and nicotine misuse that is correlated to tobacco and nicotine expectancies, use, and dependence. Future work should explore the test-retest reliability and incremental validity of the scale for tobacco use disorder. |
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