Alcohol use and consequences in matriculating US college students by prescription stimulant/opioid nonmedical misuse status |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA;3. EverFi, Washington, DC, USA;1. Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 3950 South Country Club Drive, Suite 330, Tucson, AZ 85714-2238, USA;2. Professional Data Analysts, Inc, 219 Main Street SE, Suite 302, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;4. Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Room A682, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, United States;2. Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, United States;3. Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States;4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, United States;5. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Canada;6. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King''s College, United Kingdom;1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, United States of America;2. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, United States of America;3. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, United States of America;4. Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America;5. Department of Population Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, United States of America;1. San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA;2. Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA;3. San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA;4. San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA;5. Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundUS college students have elevated prescription opioid and stimulant misuse rates, with frequent alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences (ARCs). To date, though, no research has examined relationships between opioid and/or stimulant misuse and alcohol quantity/frequency or ARC variables in college students.MethodsThe 2016–17 AlcoholEDU for College™, a web-based alcohol prevention program, provided data (n = 491,849). Participants were grouped into past 14-day: (1) no misuse; (2) opioid misuse only; (3) stimulant misuse only; and (4) combined misuse. Using multilevel logistic regressions, groups were compared on 14-day alcohol use odds, and among those with use, odds of any ARCs and specific ARCs (e.g., hangover). Multilevel negative binomial regressions compared group members with alcohol use on 14-day total drinks, maximum 24-h drinks and drinking days.ResultsAlcohol use and any ARCs odds were highest in the stimulant (odds ratios [OR] = 3.47 and 2.97, respectively) or opioid misuse only groups (ORs = 3.31 and 2.43, respectively), with the combined misuse group intermediate (ORs = 1.63 and 1.29; reference: no misuse). Mean 14-day drinks decreased from those with combined misuse, to those with stimulant misuse only, opioid misuse only and no misuse (8.22, 7.1, 6.67, and 4.71, respectively).ConclusionsCollege students engaged in 14-day stimulant and/or opioid misuse had higher odds of 14-day alcohol use, higher levels of alcohol use, and a greater likelihood of ARCs, versus students without misuse. These findings suggest that college students with any prescription misuse need alcohol screening, although those with poly-prescription misuse may not need more intensive alcohol interventions. |
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