The associations between deployment experiences,PTSD, and alcohol use among male and female veterans |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA;2. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;3. Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;1. National Center for PTSD Women''s Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America;2. Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America;1. Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 North Murray, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;4. Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA;1. University of the Sciences, Substance Use Disorders Institute, United States of America;2. Kennesaw State University, Center for Young Adult Addiction & Recovery, United States of America;3. Center for Social Innovation, United States of America;4. Missouri Network For Opiate Reform and Recovery, United States of America;5. Rebel Recovery, United States of America;6. University of Pennsylvania, Center for Studies of Addiction, United States of America;7. National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, United States of America;1. VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, 3495, Bailey Avenue (116N), Bldg. 3, Buffalo, NY 14215, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo/State University of New York, Park Hall Room 204, Buffalo, NY 14260-4110, United States;3. Department of Psychology, The University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Box Q, Tampa, FL 33606-1490, United States;4. Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo/State University of New York, 409 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1000, United States;5. Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/State University of New York, 330 Crofts Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States |
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| Abstract: | OverviewAlcohol use is common following traumatic military deployment experiences. What is less clear is why, and for whom, particular deployment experiences lead to alcohol use.MethodThe current study explored associations between deployment stressors (Warfare, Military Sexual Trauma, and Concerns about Life and Family Disruptions—“Life Disruptions”), PTSD (PCL-5), and alcohol use (CAGE) post-deployment, stratified by gender among 2344 male and female veterans (1137 men; Mage = 35). Conditional process analyses examined the indirect effect of traumatic deployment experiences on alcohol use, via PTSD symptom severity, with Life Disruptions as a moderator.ResultsMore severe Warfare and military sexual trauma (MST) were associated with greater PTSD symptom severity, which was associated with higher problematic alcohol use. PTSD symptom severity accounted for the associations between trauma type (i.e., MST or Warfare) and alcohol use. Among women, but not men, Life Disruptions moderated the associations between trauma type (i.e., MST, Warfare) and PTSD symptom severity, such that elevated Life Disruptions amplified the associations between trauma type and PTSD symptom severity. Moderated mediation was significant for MST among women, indicating that the strength of the indirect effect (MST ➔ PTSD ➔ problematic alcohol use) was moderated by Life Disruptions; problematic alcohol use was highest for women with greater PTSD symptom severity following exposure to more severe Life Disruptions and MST (Est. = 0.0007, SE = 0.0001, CI = 0.0002 to 0.0013).ConclusionsTaken together, alcohol use following potentially traumatic deployment experiences can be understood by considering PTSD symptom severity, gender, and Life Disruptions. |
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