肾移植病人社会支持与生活质量的调查研究

通过对肾移植病人社会支持和生活质量水平的调查，探讨社会支持对提高病人生存质量的作用。采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）和世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表（WHOQOL—BREF），以随机抽样法对接受肾移植后3个月以上来门诊复查的病人进行问卷调查。结果显示肾移植病人的社会支持较高，但年轻女性肾移植病人有获得低水平社会支持的危险。肾移植病人的生活质量总分及生理领域低于常模，而在心理、社会及环境领域与常模的比较无显著性意义。其社会支持与生活质量间有非常显著的正相关性（P〈0．01）。由此看来肾移植病人的生活质量在很大程度上取决于社会支持的程度，医务人员在工作中不仅要重视生物因素的影响，更要特别重视其社会属性，尽可能调动社会支持系统从各个方面对病人起作用，以提高其生活质量。

A Research on the Social Support and the Quality of Life of Renal Transplant Patients

Objective： To explore the effect of social support in increasing the quality of life of renal transplant patients by investigating social support and quality of life of renal transplant patients in our hospital. Methods： The patients after renal transplantation more than 3 months were questioned randomly in clinic using the rating scales of SSRS and WHOQOL - BREF. Results： It showed high social support in patients after renal transplantation, but there was dangerous of low social support in young female. The score of quality of life and physiological domain was lower than routine model. There were not significant differences in the psychological, social and surrounding domains of renal transplant patients compared with the routine model. There was a significantly positive relationship between social support and quality of life of renal transplant patients （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion ： The quality of life of renal transplant patients depends on the degree of the social support in high extent. Therefore, medical professionals should not only pay attention to effect of biological factors, but also pay more attention to mobilizing each domain of social support system in order to improve the quality of life of renal transplant patients.