不同产地羌活药材中的重金属及砷盐含量研究

目的:对四川、青海和甘肃主产区羌活药材的重金属及砷盐含量进行分析评价,为制定羌活药材重金属含量质量标准提供参考依据。方法:对各主产区19个点57个样的羌活和宽叶羌活药材样品中铜、镉、铅、砷、铬含量(ICP-AES)及汞含量(冷原子吸收法)进行分析。结果:汞未检出;铅在羌活中含量极低,在宽叶羌活中仅个别产地检出较高;铜含量较高,在羌活中为21～73 mg.kg^-1,在宽叶羌活中为26～73 mg.kg^-1;砷在宽叶羌活中含量较高;镉在羌活中为0～0.29 mg.kg^-1,在宽叶羌活中为0～0.32 mg.kg^-1;铬在羌活中为0.48～8.36 mg.kg-1,在宽叶羌活中为1.44～8.02 mg.kg-1,不同产地间有较大差异。结论:羌活药材基本上达到了《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》相应的重金属及砷盐限量标准,但铜的含量超标,故应选择土壤和环境中铜含量低的土地进行羌活的规范化种植。

Analysis and quality assessment standard of heavy metals and arsenic in Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii from different localities

OBJECTIVE: Five heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr) and arsenic (As) contents in 57 samples of from 19 localities in Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii sourcing from two plants Notoperygium incusum and N. forbesii has been analyzed to evaluate the content standard of heavy metal and arsenic for drafting the herbal medicine quality. METHOD: ICP-AES method was applied to determine As, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and CAAS method was applied to determine Hg. RESULT: Hg can not be determined through CAAS, and little Pb was determined except in limited N. forbesii samples from certain sites, while the contents of Cu in most samples are higher than 20 mg x kg(-1). As in N. forbesii samples, and Cd in N. incisum samples are higher or approximate the limitation of related standard of medicinal plants and production. Cr varies from different localities, ranging from 0.48 to 8.36 mg x kg(-1) for N. incisum and 1.44-8.03 mg x kg(-1) for N. forbesii. CONCLUSION: Referring to the related standards of medicine and vegetable, the heavy metals and arsenic contents of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii samples from traditional producing areas are confirmed the propositional standard, i. e., Pb < or = 5.0 mg x kg(-1), Cd < or = 0.3 mg x kg(-1), Hg < or = 0.2 mg x kg(-1), Cu < or = 28.0 mg x kg(-1), As < or = 2.0 mg x kg(-1), and Cr < or = 1.0 mg x kg(-1). Of these five heavy metals, Cu is much over the limitation standard, which suggested that GAP base of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii must be selected in lower Cu environmental condition in main producing area.