慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期患者膳食营养调查

目的：研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）缓解期患者膳食营养状况。方法：采用３天记录加询问法进行膳食调查。资料输入微机，采用笔者编制的“慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养状况和饮食指导软件”进行数据处理。结果：ＣＯＰＤ缓解期患者膳食中总热量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、锌、钙、硒、ＶｉｔＡ、ＶｉｔＢ１、ＶｉｔＢ２、ＶｉｔＣ摄入不足，其中低体重组较体重正常组摄入不足更为明显。三大产能营养素供能比例不够合理，碳水化合物比例过高（６０％）。三餐热量分配早餐偏低（２４％），晚餐偏高（３９％）。结论：饮食摄入不足是ＣＯＰＤ缓解期患者营养不良的重要原因之一，应引起重视。

A dietary survey on out patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective: To study the diet intake on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: Dietary survey was carried out in 76 stable COPD out patients by 3 days record and inquiry. Result: Daily food-intake (DFI) of energy, protein, carbohydrate, Calcium, Zinc, Selenium, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2 and Vitamin C were significantly insufficient compared with recommended daily amount(RDA) (P<0.001). The insufficiency of DFI in underweight group was more significant than in normal weight group (P<0.001). There were no significant difference in daily intake of fat, iron and Vitamin PP between DFI and RDA(P>0.05). DFI of Vitamin E was higher than RDA (P<0.001). The fraction of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate was beyond reason. The energy derived from carbohydrate was 60% while those from protein and fat were 14% and 16%, respectively. The total amounts of intake of animal and bean protein were 48% of all protein intakes. The ratio of fatty acids in diet was basicall