2012 年上海市18-69岁居民控制食盐摄入的认知和行为现状

目的了解上海市居民对控制食盐摄入的认知和行为，评价上海市控盐政策实施的效果。方法2012年7-8月，采用分层随机抽样的方法在上海市抽取18～69岁居民8458名作为调查对象，由经过统一培训的调查员进行入户面对面访谈完成控盐相关认知和行为的问卷调查。结果上海市居民知晓成人每天食盐摄入量不超过6g的比例为79．5％。知晓“过多食盐摄入与高血压相关”的比例为91．3％。目前上海市经常使用限盐勺的家庭比例为37．3％。84．4％的居民平时自觉控制食盐的摄入，56．5％的居民自报口味比1年前变淡。女性居民控盐意识和行为优于男性，中心城区居民优于非中心城区，高年龄和高文化程度居民优于低年龄组和低文化程度者，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论上海市居民控盐意识和行为均有所提升，控盐策略产生了一定的影响。

Cognition and behavior status of controlling salt intake in residents （ 18-69 years old） of Shanghai in 2012

Objective To understand the cognition and behavior status of controlling salt intake in residents of Shanghai and to evaluate the effectiveness of policy to controlling salt intake in Shanghai. Methods In July-August of 2012, 8 458 residents （18-69 years old） of Shanghai were selected as the subjects by stratified random sampling method, all subjects were investigated with questionnaire of cognition and behavior status for controlling salt intake. Results The proportion of residents to know 〈6 g salt intake/day per person was 79.5%. The proportion of subjects to know ＂the excessive salt intake is associated with hypertension＂ was 91.3%. At present the proportion of families to use frequently the restricting salt spoon was 37.3%, 84.4% of subjects can reduce the salt intake in an ordinary way, 56.5% of subjects reported their taste fades as compared with a year ago. Cognitive and behavior of restricting salt intake in females were better than those in males. Cognitive and behavior of restricting salt intake in central urban subjects were better than those in non-central urban subjects. Cognitive and behavior of restricting salt intake in older subjects and subjects with higher education level were better than those in younger subjects and subjects with lower education level. There were significant differences （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The cognition and behavior of reducing salt intake in Shanghai residents are improved. The strategy of restricting salt intake has some impact.