13N-Ammonia PET/CT脑血流灌注显像结合醋甲唑胺负荷试验在缺血性脑血管病中的应用

目的 探讨¹³N-ammonia PET/CT脑血流灌注显像结合醋甲唑胺负荷试验评估缺血性脑血管病患者脑血管储备(CVR)的应用价值。方法 2014年1月至2016年12月,单侧大脑中动脉或颈内动脉重度狭窄患者56例,在基态和醋甲唑胺负荷后分别行¹³N-ammonia PET/CT脑血流灌注显像,评估CVR情况;治疗后6个月再次行基态脑血流灌注显像。根据CVR将患者分为CVR正常组(n = 29)和CVR下降组(n = 27),随访24个月,观察两组脑缺血事件发生率和治疗前后基态脑血流(CBF)的变化。结果 CVR下降组短暂性脑缺血发作的发生率高于CVR正常组(χ² = 4.389, P < 0.05),缺血性脑卒中的发生率略高于CVR正常组,但无显著性差异( P > 0.05)。CVR正常组治疗后基态CBF改善 ( t = 2.409, P < 0.05);CVR下降组治疗后基态CBF与治疗前无显著性差异( t = 0.648, P > 0.05)。 结论 ¹³N-ammonia PET/CT脑血流灌注显像结合醋甲唑胺负荷试验能很好评估缺血性脑血管病患者CVR变化,并估计预后,对早期干预有指导意义。

Application of 13N-Ammonia PET/CT Cerebral Blood Perfusion Imaging Combined with Methazolamide Challenge in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases

Objective To apply ¹³N-ammonia PET/CT cerebral blood perfusion imaging combined with methazolamide challenge for cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) evaluation in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Methods From January, 2014 to December, 2016, 56 ischemic stroke patients with serious stenosis of unilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery accepted basal and stress PET/CT with methazolamide challenge. The patients were divided into normal-CVR group (n = 29) and reduced-CVR group (n = 27) according to the results of CVR, and followed up for 24 months. The ischemic cerebrovascular events and cerebral blood flow were observed. Results The incidence of transient ischemic attack was more in the reduced-CVR group than in the normal-CVR group (χ² = 4.389, P < 0.05), while the incidence of ischemic stroke increased a little with no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The CBF was improved in normal-CVR group after treatment ( t = 2.409, P < 0.05), and the improvement was not significant in reduced-CVR group ( t = 0.648, P > 0.05). Conclusion ¹³N-ammonia PET/CT cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging combined with methazolamide challenge can be used to evaluate CVR to predict the outcome for patients with cerebral ischemic disease, which is helpful for early intervention.