残疾儿童康复需求与康复服务发展研究

目的研究残疾儿童的残疾状况、康复需求特点和康复服务发展状况。方法以130290名残疾儿童康复需求与康复服务实名制数据为样本,对残疾儿童的残疾现状、康复需求特征和康复服务发展状况及其影响因素进行统计分析。结果残疾儿童占总残疾人口的5.33%。其中,男性60.4%,女性39.6%;0~6岁16.3%,7~18岁83.7%;农业户口88.4%,非农业户口11.6%。残疾程度由重度到轻度占比依次为28.3%、39.5%、17.7%、14.6%。在报告的康复需求中,从高至低依次为辅助器具40.3%、功能训练37.4%、护理32.2%、药物24.9%、手术5.7%。在报告获得的康复服务中,从高至低分别为辅助器具37.9%、功能训练33.7%、护理服务31.0%、药物19.7%、手术2.9%。根据Logistic回归结果显示,残疾等级对于报告康复需求和获得康复服务均存在非常显著的影响(P<0.001)。结论残疾儿童的功能特点直接影响到其服务需求,应该根据残疾儿童的康复需求特点布局康复服务发展规划,要根据不同类型残疾儿童的功能特点,开发个别化和结构化的康复服务项目,提升残疾儿童康复服务的可及性和质量。

Unmet Needs and Service of Rehabilitation for Children with Disabilities

Objective To explore the status of disability, and characteristics of unmet needs and services of rehabilitation for children with disabilities (CWDs).Methods A total of 130 290 CWDs administration data of unmet needs and services of rehabilitation at provincial level had been sampled and analyzed.Results CWDs accounted for 5.33% of the total population with disabilities, in which, 60.4% were boys and 39.6% were girls; 16.3% aged 0 to nine years and 83.7% were seven to 18 years old; 88.4% with agricultural household and 11.6% with non-agricultural household. The distribution of disability severity from severe to mild were 28.3%, 39.5%, 17.7% and 14.6%. The reported unmet needs included assistive devices (40.3%), functional training (37.4%), nursing care (32.2%), medicine (24.9%) and surgery (5.7%). The received services involved in assistive devices (37.9%), functional training (33.7%), nursing care (31.0%), medicine (19.7%) and surgery (2.9%). Logistic Regression model showed that severities of disabilities had significant effects on reported unmet needs and received services (P < 0.001). Conclusion Implement rehabilitation programs would be tailored to the unmet needs of rehabilitation as CWDs had functioning oriented unmet needs. It proposed to develop individualized and structured rehabilitation services to improve the accessibility and quality of rehabilitation for CWDs.