横窦和窦汇的浅表解剖学标志

目的为神经外科手术准确定位横窦的下缘和窦汇确定出一个可靠的浅表解剖学标志。方法对10例经10%甲醛溶液固定的尸头标本进行逐步解剖,测量各相关解剖结构到横窦下缘的距离。结果实验所收集的数据表明在定位横窦下缘和窦汇时,上项线及枕外隆凸尖不是一个可靠的浅表解剖学标志。而以半脊肌附着点作为浅表解剖学标志比以上项线作为浅表解剖标志更准确、可靠。本组10例标本中,无1例的半脊肌附着点超过横窦下部边界3mm,并且它可以作为一个可靠的浅表解剖学标志用以定位接近中线部分的横窦。结论这些发现可以帮助神经外科医生在治疗后颅窝和颅颈接合处病变而进行的各种中线入路手术时更准确的定位横窦。

Anatomic Study of Superficial Marks of Transverse Sinus and Torcular Herophili

Objective To explore the reliable external marks that can be used to determine accurately the lower border of the transverse sinus and torcular heroiphili.Methods The dissection was performed step by step and the distances between various anatomical structure and the proximal transverse sinus were measured in 10 cadaveric heads.Results The data of this study showed that the superior nuchal line and inion is not always a reliable external anatomical mark to locate the transverse sinus and torcular herophili.The point of insertion of the musculus semispinalis capitis to be used as superficial anatomical mark of locating the transverse sinus and tordular herophili was more accurate and reliable than the superior nuchal line.In the present study,the point of insertion of this muscle never went beyond more than 3mm of the inferior edge of the transverse sinus.Conclusions The data of this study is helpful to locating the transverse sinus when the operation is performed through various midline approaches to the posterior fossa and the craniocervical junction.