低钠高钾平衡盐对高血压患者内皮功能及动脉僵硬度的影响

目的：观察低钠高钾平衡盐（富钾盐，NaCl：KCl＝1：1）对高血压患者内皮功能及动脉僵硬度的影响。方法：选择河北清河某农村自愿参加富钾盐研究的198个家庭，每个家庭中至少有一名高血压患者。以家庭为单位，随机将受试对象分入普通盐组（ NaCl含量＞99％）和富钾盐组。采用统一的调查问卷，对受试人群进行基线调查。在为期1年的膳食盐干预后，对资料完整的91例（普通盐组45例，富钾盐组46例）高血压患者数据进行分析。比较两组患者干预前、后血压、血清一氧化氮（ NO）、内皮素-1（ ET-1）及动脉僵硬度（ CAVI）水平变化。结果：干预1年后，富钾盐组血压平均下降8．3/4．3mmHg，干预后收缩压水平与基线收缩压比较，有显著统计学差异（ P＜0．05）。普通盐组干预后血压水平与基线血压比较，无统计学差异（ P＞0．05）。普通盐组与富钾盐组基线血压及干预后血压水平比较，无统计学差异（ P＞0．05）。两组受试者基线时血清NO、ET-1及CAVI水平均无统计学差异（ P均＞0．05），在1年的饮食盐干预后，富钾盐组血清NO水平升高、ET-1水平下降、CAVI水平下降，与基线时及与普通盐组比较均有统计学差异（ P 均＜0．05）。结论：富钾盐可降低高血压患者的血压水平、改善患者的血管内皮功能及动脉僵硬度。

Effects of Potassium-enriched Salt on Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness of Patients with Hypertension

Objective：To observe the influences of potassium-enriched salt （50%NaCl and 50%KCl） on vascular endothelial function and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients .Method： The families （ n =198 ） ,which were volunteer to take part in the potassium-enriched salt test and came from a village in Qing-he County of Hebei Province ,were selected and randomly divided into common salt group （CS group,taking salt with NaCl over 99%） and potassium-enriched salt group （ PES group,taking salt with 50%NaCl and 50%KCl） by using single blind method .The baseline survey was carried out in all cases by using united questionnaire .After dietary salt intervention for one year ,there were 91 cases with completed materials select-ed randomly （45 cases in CS group and 46 cases in PES group）.The level of blood pressure （BP） before and after the intervention ,the levels of serum nitric oxide （ NO） and endothelin-1（ ET-1） ,and changes of ar-terial stiffness（CAVI） were detected and compared between two groups .Result：After the change of sodiumand potassium in diet ,the level of BP decreased by 8.3/4.3 mmHg in two groups respectively （ P 〈0.05） .In CS group, the comparison in BP level had no statistical difference before and after the intervention （ P 〉0. 05）.There＇s no statistical difference before and after the intervention between two groups BP （P〉0.05）.The levels of NO, ET-1 and CAVI had statistical difference between two groups after the intervention （P〈0.05）. The level of blood potassium was in normal range in two groups .Conclusion： Dietary potassium-enriched salt has the effects on reducing BP level and improving vascular endothelial function and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients .