临床核医学诊疗中的辐射剂量与防护研究

目的通过对临床核医学诊疗中辐射剂量的研究,探索核医疗安全管理和辐射防护的具体方法,以保障患者、医疗工作人员以及广大社会群众的身体健康。方法针对最为常见的核医疗方法 131I治疗,选取68例接受131I治疗的患者,并将他们随机分为两组,每组分别由一名医师和两名护士负责治疗工作,一组采用常规治疗防护措施进行治疗,一组采用综合治疗防护措施,并记录两组患者服用131I后的有效剂量和医护人员1年所受的总辐射剂量,然后进行对比分析。结果经过1年的治疗之后,采用常规治疗防护措施的患者受辐射剂量为（59.63±0.56）mSv,医生和护士受辐射剂量为（4.692±0.056）mSv;采用综合治疗防护措施的患者受辐射剂量为（50.21±0.69）mSv,医生和护士受辐射剂量为（1.216±0.037）mSv。结论患者接受131I治疗所受到的辐射量大于公众照射年剂量限值,但比职业照射的年剂量限值低,但通过综合的防护措施,可以有效降低131I治疗对患者和医护人员的辐射剂量,能够保障接受临床核医学诊疗的患者和医护人员的安全健康。

Nuclear medicine clinical diagnosis and treatment of radiation dose and protection research

Objective To through the study of clinical nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment of radiation dose, explore the nuclear medical safety management and the practical method of radiation protection, in order to ensure patients, medical staff and the general physical health of people in society. Methods Against the most common method of nuclear medical 131 I treatment, select68 cases of patients with 131 I treatment, and they were randomly divided into two groups, each group respectively by a doctor and two nurses responsible for treatment, a set of the conventional treatment of protective measures for treatment, treatment with a set of comprehensive protective measures, and record two groups of patients and medical staff a year of radiation dose, and then were analyzed. Results After 1 year of treatment, the conventional treatment the patient radiation dose of protective measures is（59.63±0.56） mSv, doctors and nurses by radiation doses（4.692±0.056） mSv; Adopt comprehensive treatment the patient radiation dose of protective measures is（50.21±0.69） mSv, doctors and nurses, the radiation dose for the（1.216±0.037） mSv. Conclusion Patients received 131 I treatment of radiation is greater than the public exposure dose limit, but less than the years dose limit of occupational exposure, but through the comprehensive protective measures, can effectively reduce the 131 I treatment of radiation dose of patients and medical staff, to guarantee clinical nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment of patients and medical staff＇s safety and health.