河北省磁县农村农户储粮化学防霉效果观察

目的探讨富马酸二甲酯(dimethylfumarate，DMF)、磷化铝(aluminiumphosphide，AP)和除霉净在农户储粮防霉实践中的实际应用价值。方法采用河北省磁县农户储存小麦容器中现场施药和实验室霉菌分离培养计数的方法，观察分析DMF、AP和除霉净对储粮霉菌生长的抑制作用。结果磁县农户储存小麦霉菌污染比较普遍，1996～1999年霉菌污染率为67.5%到100%，3种化学防霉药物对磁县农户储存小麦均有防霉效果，DMF、AP、DMF/AP和除霉净防霉有效率分别为91.2%、85.2%、100%和100%，霉菌生长抑制率分别为(61.9±21.6)%、(64.0±21.6)%、(72.5±18.0)%和(63.1±24.3)%。结论MF、AP和除霉净对河北省磁县储粮均有防霉效果，但AP有一定毒性不宜推广使用。

Effects of chemical agents on the prevention of fungal contamination during household wheat storage in Cixian county

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of several commercial chemical agents (DMF, AP and Chumeijing) on the prevention of fungal contamination in household storage of wheat in Cixian county. METHODS: The antifungal agents tested include dimethyl fumarate, DMF, aluminium phosphide, AP and Chumeijing (a Chinese product comprised of propionic acid, formic acid, sorbic acid and fumaric acid). The chemicals were applied in the wheat containers in the rural households. The fungal contamination and the inhibitory effects on fungal growth in wheat were measured by fungal isolation, culture, identification and count. RESULTS: The fungal contamination in the household wheat before using fungicides were quite common, with an overall contamination rate of 67.5% to 100%. The application of the three chemical fungicides effectively reduced fungal contamination in household stored wheat, and the effective rate for DMF, AP, AMF + AP and Chumeijing was 91.2%, 85.2%, 100% and 100% respectively, while the rate of fungi growth inhibition was (61.9 +/- 21.6)%, (64.0 +/- 21.6)%, (72.5 +/- 18.0)% and (63.1 +/- 24.3)% respectively. CONCLUSION: DMF, AP and Chumeijing are all effective in the prevention of fungal contamination for household stored wheat in Cixian county. AP is not recommended owing to its higher toxicity, compared with the other chemicals tested.