炭疽暴发疫情病原应急检测方法的应用与分析

目的 对延安市甘泉县突发炭疽疫情进行实验室检测,分离鉴定病原菌。方法 采集病例病灶渗出液、血液、疫点外环境等标本共147份,开展病原分离、免疫学、分子生物学检测。结果 共检出各类阳性标本37份,总阳性率为25.18%。病原学检测分离到1株炭疽芽胞杆菌,阳性率为1.28%；分子生物学检测中皮损渗出液荧光定量PCR(qPCR)阳性率最高,达89.47%,血清学(ELISA)检测阳性率为75%,在环境标本中未检出阳性结果。结论 炭疽疫情应急实验检测中,由于抗菌素使用,人体标本病原分离率较低,血清学试验只具有回顾诊断的价值,应引入敏感快速的分子生物学检测技术,以迅速明确诊断。

Application on pathogen emergent detection method of anthrax outbreak

Objective To isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria by performing lab′s tests for emergency anthrax outbreak in Ganquan County of Yan′an City. Methods A total of 147 specimens of acquisition lesion exudate,blood and epidemic environment were collected. The detection on isolation of pathogen,immunology,and molecular biology was carried out. Results The number of positive specimens were 37,with 25.18% of the total positive rate. Only one Bacillus anthracis was isolated from the detection of pathogenic bacteria,accounting for 1.28%. The highest positive rate in the detection of molecular biology was fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) of skin lesions,which reached 89.47%. Serological (ELISA) test had the positive rate of 75%. No positive results were found in environmental samples. Conclusion In the anthrax epidemic emergency test,separation rate of the pathogen from human body sample is low,due to the use of antibiotic. Serological test only has review diagnostic value so that rapid and sensitive molecular biological detection technology should be introduced,in order to quickly confirm the diagnosis.