应用膳食平衡指数评价213例住院2型糖尿病患者膳食质量

目的 了解糖尿病患者的膳食质量,为开展相关营养教育提供依据。方法 对213例住院2型糖尿病患者使用3d 24h回顾法进行膳食调查,采用膳食平衡指数(DBI-07)综合评价其膳食质量水平。结果 被调查2型糖尿病患者的膳食质量处于中度失衡状态,低度摄入不足和低度摄入过量的问题并存；男性患者的摄入过量程度明显高于女性；40岁以下患者在3个年龄组中的摄入不足程度最低,摄入过量程度最高。66岁以上年龄组的摄入不足及总分均高于40岁以下年龄组；被调查的糖尿病患者奶类、水果、豆类、鱼虾类摄入不足,而肉类、植物油、盐摄入过量；钙的摄入量不足而钠的摄入量过量；患者主要膳食模式为B模式。结论 被调查糖尿病患者整体膳食结构不合理,需要通过营养宣教来提高2型糖尿病患者平衡膳食的理念。

Evaluation on diet quality of 213 type 2 diabetic patients in hospital using diet balance index

Objective To understand the present dietary quality of diabetic patients,so as to provide basis for complementary nutrition education. Methods 3 days-24 hours review method was used to acquire the food intakes data from 213 patients with type 2 diabetes in hospital,and diet balance index scoring with evaluating system was used to evaluate the dietary quality. Results The diet quality of surveyed patients with type 2 diabetes was in moderately unbalanced condition,with both low intake deficiency and excess exist.The degree of intake excess in male patients was significantly higher than that in female.The patients in group below 40 years old had the lowest intake inadequacy degree,but the highest intake excess degree,among the three age groups.The intake inadequacy degree and total scores in age group over 66 were higher than that in the group of below 40.Milk,fruits,legumes,fish and shrimp intake were insufficient,while the meat,edible oil and salt intake were excessive.They had the problem of inadequate intake of calcium and excessive intake of sodium.Model B was the main dietary pattern. Conclusion The overall dietary pattern of diabetics who were surveyed is unreasonable.It is necessary to improve the patients′ concept of balanced diet through nutrition education.