北京市朝阳区成年居民超重肥胖流行现状及其与主要慢性病的关系

目的 了解北京市朝阳区成年居民超重、肥胖流行情况及其与主要慢性病的关系。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，抽取朝阳区13个街乡18岁以上常住居民共39 000人进行问卷调查和身体测量。用χ2检验比较不同特征居民间超重率及肥胖率的差异，采用单因素方差分析比较不同BMI人群的主要慢性病指标的差异，用多因素Logistic回归分析超重肥胖与慢性病的关系。结果 朝阳区成人超重率为38.97%，肥胖率为19.66%；城市居民超重率（χ2 = 114.74，P＜0.05）、肥胖率（χ2 = 373.83,P＜0.05）低于农村居民；男性超重率（χ2 = 101.55，P＜0.05）、肥胖率（χ2 = 22.37，P＜0.05）高于女性，超重组患高血压、糖尿病及血脂异常的风险是正常组的1.50～1.84倍，肥胖组患病风险是正常组的2.06～3.20倍。超重、肥胖组患1种、2种、3种疾病的聚集率均高于体重正常组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论 朝阳区居民超重肥胖流行状况严重。随着BMI水平的升高，成人患高血压等慢性病的风险升高，应积极开展超重肥胖防控工作。

Epidemic status of overweight and obesity and their correlations with chronic diseases among adult residents in Chaoyang District in Beijing

Objective The study aimed to assess the epidemic status of overweight and obesity and their correlations with chronic diseases among adult residents in Chaoyang District in Beijing. Methods A total of 39000 adult residents in Chaoyang District were selected by multi-stage random sampling from 13 sub-districts and were asked to fill out a questionnaire and conduct a physical examination. The difference in overweight rate and obesity rate among the residents were compared by using χ2 test, and one-way analysis of variance was adopted to compare the difference in main chronic disease indexes among different BMI groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between obesity and chronic disease. Results Overweight rate and obesity rate of the adult residents in Chaoyang District were 38.97% and 19.66%, respectively. The overweight rate and obesity rate of urban residents were lower than those of rural residents (χ2=114.74, P<0.05; χ2=373.83, P<0.05). The overweight rate and obesity rate of male were higher than those of female (χ2=101.55, P<0.05; χ2=22.37, P<0.05). The risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among the overweight group was 1.50-1.84 times higher than that of the normal group. The disease risk among the obesity group was 2.06-3.20 times higher than that of the normal group. The aggregation rates of disease risk of 1, 2, and 3 types of diseases among the overweight and obesity groups were higher than that of the normal group; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion The epidemic situation of overweight and obesity among residents in Chaoyang District is severe. The risk of high blood pressure and other chronic diseases increases with the rise in BMI level. Therefore, the prevention and control of overweight and obesity should be implemented actively.