云南省德宏州不同民族吸烟行为及对烟草危害认识的对比分析

目的 对比分析德宏州汉族、傣族、景颇族的吸烟现状和对吸烟危害相关知识的认识情况。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,随机抽取7 052名15岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查,包括吸烟及相关知识情况。结果 汉族、傣族、景颇族居民的吸烟率分别为33.4%、35.9%、48.1%;被动吸烟率分别为44.5%、47.5%、46.4%。3种民族的男性吸烟率均远高于女性（χ2=1425.837,χ2=895.092,χ2=435.822,P<0.001）。3种民族中,男性吸烟者的初次吸烟年龄均以在15~24岁组所占比例最高（χ2=27.645,χ2=23.752,χ2=139.740,P<0.001）。景颇族吸烟者每日吸烟量少于汉族和傣族吸烟者,而汉族吸烟者每日吸烟量高于傣族和景颇族吸烟者（χ2=123.190,P<0.001）。汉族和傣族的女性居民对吸烟会导致胃肠道疾病、糖尿病、流产的正确回答率高于男性居民（χ2=13.014,χ2=11.114,P<0.01;χ2=12.721,P<0.01,χ2=6.747,P<0.05;χ2=35.559,χ2=19.932,P<0.001）;汉族女性居民对吸烟会导致脑卒中的正确回答率高于汉族男性居民（χ2=12.585,P<0.01）。结论 云南省德宏州的傣族、景颇族居民具有吸烟率高,但对烟草危害知识的知晓率低的特点。因此应加强健康教育,提高该人群对烟草危害的认识,减少烟草对少数民族的健康危害。

Comparative study of differences in behavior and awareness related to smoking among ethnic groups in Dehong,Yunnan Province

Objective The aim of this study was to compare ethnic minority differences in the prevalence of smoking and relative knowledge among the Han,Dai and Jingpo ethnic minority in Dehong of Yunnan Province. Methods Multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select a representative sample of 7052 ethnic minority groups aged 15 years and over.Information related to indicators of smoking and awareness of smoking was obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Results The prevalence rate of smoking and passive smoking were 33.4%,44.5% for Han;35.9%,47.5% for Dai ethnic minority;48.1,46.4% for Jingpo ethnic minority,respectively.And men had obviously higher prevalence rate of smoking than women among three ethnic groups (χ2=1425.837,χ2=895.092,χ2=435.822,P<0.001).The average age of smoking initiation was highest in 15-24 years for males among three ethnic groups(χ2=27.645,χ2=23.752,χ2=139.740,P<0.001).It was significantly lowest in Jingpo ethnic minority than that in Han and Dai ethnic minority(P<0.01),whereas Han had the highest average amount of daily cigarettes consuming(χ2=123.190,P<0.001).Female was higher realized that cigarette could cause gastrointestinal disease,diabetes,abortion than males among Han and Dai ethnic groups(χ2=13.014,χ2=11.114,P<0.01;χ2=12.721,P<0.01,χ2=6.747,P<0.05;χ2=35.559,χ2=19.932,P<0.001).Meanwhile,females had obviously higher realized that cigarette could lead to stroke than males among Han groups(χ2=12.585,P<0.01). Conclusion The rate of smoking was higher among Dai and Jingpo ethnic minority,but the knowledge about the harm of smoking was poor.Therefore,health education on knowledge of smoking among should be strengthened,so as reduce the harm of tobacco on the health among ethnic minorities.