产妇体力活动和睡眠时长对产后体重滞留影响的观察研究

目的 通过监测妇女产后2年内体重滞留变化，探讨孕妇产后体力活动和睡眠时长等因素对产后体重滞留的影响，为慢性病预防控制提供依据。方法 将2012年7月至2013年1月在合肥市妇幼保健院参加产后42天体检的418名妇女纳入研究，建立基线资料。于产后42 d、3、6、9、12、18、24个月对其进行随访调查。采用重复测量资料的方差分析各影响因素与体重滞留的关系。结果 产后42 d、3 月、6 月、9 月、12 月、18 月和24月获得有效数据分别为418、314、299、278、264、229和193例。研究对象的孕前体重为（53.46±6.70） kg，产后42 d、6 月、12月、18 月和24 月体重滞留分别为（7.14±4.04） kg、（6.81±5.02） kg、（5.19±3.82） kg、（5.35±4.52） kg和（5.15±3.68） kg。重复测量资料方差分析结果显示，孕妇产后不同时间段体重滞留的差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01），不同时间的体力活动差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01），不同时间的睡眠时长差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。结论 产后体力活动和睡眠时长是影响产后体重滞留的重要因素。

Influence of physical activity and sleep duration on postpartum weight retention

Objective This work was to assess the influence of physical activity and sleep duration on postpartum weight retention during the two years after childbirth. Methods A total of 418 eligible women who attended postpartum examination on the 42nd day after delivery in the Maternal and Child Health Center in Hefei during 2012-2013 were recruited for this study. The data on the 42nd day after delivery were collected as the baseline data. The weight data at both pre-pregnancy and childbirth were collected from the Maternal Information Management System. Participants were followed up for 7 times: on postpartum 42nd day, and in 3, 6, 9,12, 18, 24 months after childbirth. The correlation between postpartum weight retention and the influencing factors were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Women under study were followed up at 42d, 3m,6m, 9m,12m, 18m and 24m after childbirth, with 418, 314, 299, 278, 264, 229 and 193 available cases , respectively. The average pre-pregnancy weight was 53.46 ± 6.70 kg. Mean weight retention were 7.14 ± 4.04 kg, 6.81 ± 5.02 kg, 5.19 ± 3.82 kg, 5.35 ± 4.52 kg, 5.15 ± 3.68 kg respectively at 42d, 3m,6m, 9m,12m, 18m and 24m after childbirth. Rates of weight retention was significantly different at different times of repeated measures analysis on variance (P<0.01)．Physical activities were also significantly different during each time span (P <0.01). Sleep duration was significantly different at each time span (P<0.01). Conclusion It is suggested that postpartum physical activity and sleep duration might be important factors influencing postpartum weight retention.