医学生适应能力现况调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解医学生适应能力的现状，探讨适应不良发生的影响因素。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，抽取宁夏医科大学1 807名在校学生，采用中国大学生适应量表（CCSAS）评估医学生的适应能力状况。 结果 医学生适应能力总分为(64.55±8.34)分，高于常模，差异有统计学意义( t =74.164, P ＜0.001)。适应能力好者占36.0%，适应能力一般者占59.6%，适应能力较差者占4.3%。男女生适应能力总分差异无统计学意义( t =1.770, P = 0.076 )，但男生在校园生活、自我适应方面明显优于女生，而女生在情绪适应方面优于男生，差异均有统计学意义(均 P ＜0.05)；高年级学生在学习适应、择业适应、情绪适应方面优于低年级学生，差异均有统计学意义(均P ＜0.05)。多因素分析结果表明，大一新生、女生(OR = 3.286, 95%CI : 1.675～6.446)、家庭经济状况差(OR = 3.012, 95%CI :1.035～8.761)的学生适应能力低。 结论 医学生适应能力总体良好，大一新生、女生、家庭经济状况差的学生是适应不良的高危人群。

Study on the Adaptability Status and Its Influencing factors among Medical Students

Objective This work was to know the adaptability status of medical students, and to investigate the influencing factors of maladjustment. Methods The multistage sampling method was adopted to select 1807 medical students in Ningxia medical university. Chinese College Student Adaptability Scale (CCSAS) was used to survey the adaptability of medical students. Results 59.6% of the medical students showed general adaptability, 36.0% were good in adaptation, and 4.3% were poor in adaptation. The total score of adaptation was 64.55±8.34, which were obviously higher than that of the national norm (50), and the differences were statistically significant (t =74.164, P <0.001). The total score of male and female students showed no statistical difference (t =1.770, P =0.076). The average score for the male was higher than that of the female in respect of their adaptability to campus life and self-adaption, but lower than the female in emotional adaptation, and the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). The higher the grade, the better the adaptation in study, job and emotion, and the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05). According to the unconditional logistic regression analysis, junior and female students (OR =3.286, 95%CI: 1.675~6.446) and poor students (OR =3.012, 95%CI: 1.035~8.761) had low adaptability. Conclusion The adaptability of medical students was generally good. The populations with high risk to maladjustment were junior, female and poor students.