铜仁市受艾滋病影响儿童的生存现状调查

目的 了解铜仁市受艾滋病影响儿童生活、学习、就医及抚养情况，为开展关怀救助提供依据。方法 按照贵州省受艾滋病影响儿童专项调查方案，调查全市受艾滋病影响儿童生活、学习、就医及抚养人等情况。结果 调查受艾滋病影响儿童280人，艾滋病病毒感染18人,母婴传播94.4％（17/18），性传播5.6％（1/18）。学龄儿童未上学的5.6％（11/196），上学儿童学费减免的30.3％（56/185）。获得救助基金的儿童27.5％（77/280），对现状感到满意的儿童40.4％（113/280）。农村抚养家庭占77.7％（150/193），贫困家庭占38.3％（74/193），有抚养人为艾滋病病毒感染者家庭占50.8%（98/193），最高学历初中以下家庭占95.9％（185/193）。儿童医疗费用能被家庭负担起的5.7％（16/280），近2周儿童生病去医院的65.4％（183/280），在乡镇以下医疗机构就诊的66.1％（121/183）。 结论 铜仁市受艾滋病影响儿童生活质量偏低，幸福感不高，部分关怀救助措施覆盖不到位，应建立儿童生活学习和医疗救治长效关怀机制，加强心理支持，保障儿童健康成长。

Analysis of the Status of AIDS Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Tongren City

Objective This work was to explore the current living condition of AIDS orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Tongren City, and to explore the influencing factors, in order to provide evidences for the targeted implementation of further cares and supports. Methods According to the special investigation implementation plan for OVC in Guizhou Province, a cross-sectional study was conducted among OVC aged below 18 years old in Tongren City including living, learning, seeking medical advice, etc. Results Totally 280 OVC (153 boys and 127 girls aged 3 months to 17 years old) were recruited. Eighteen of them were HIV-infected patients, among whom 94.4% (17/18) were mother-to-fetus transmission cases and 5.6％ (1/18) were sexually transmitted cases. 40.4％ of OVC were satisfied with the current situation (113/280). The education levels of their dependents were low, and families with the highest level of education below junior middle school accounted for 95.9％ (185/193). Rural families were 77.7％(150/193). There were 50.8% (98/193) families having HIV-infected members except the children. Poverty-stricken families were 38.3％(74/193). Children of school age without going to school were 5.6% (11/196). Children in school receiving tuition reduction were 30.3％ (56/185). Children receiving relief fund were 27.5％ (77/280). There were 5.7％ (16/280) children whose family can afford their medical costs. During the past two weeks, there were 65.4％(183/280) sick children seeking medical advice, among them 66.1％(121/183) visited health service institutions below the town level. Conclusions In general, the life quality of OVC in Tongren City was low, and their happiness level was not high. Various caring and rescuing policies were not in place. Therefore, a long-term caring mechanism for OVC's life and study as well as medical treatment should be built to strengthen children's psychological support and ensure the healthy growth of children.