新疆农村2 129例学生血红蛋白水平及相关因素分析

目的 了解新疆农村中小学生血红蛋白水平并分析其主要影响因素,为干预措施提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取国家营养改善计划重点监测县新疆莎车县和阿合县农村共6所小学和6所中学,抽取一年级到初三年级的中小学生,每个年级抽取40人,男女生各半作为调查对象,进行体格测量、血红蛋白检测和问卷调查,并采末梢静脉血检测血红蛋血,应用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响低血红蛋血的主要因素。结果 共调查中小学生2 129名,其中男生1 024名,女生1 105名,低血红蛋白检出率为3.1%。单因素结果显示:中小学男生、小学低年级学生、学校开设健康教育课、近一周摄入豆类食物较多、营养知识得分高以及学校提供食物摄入情况好等学生贫血检出率较低。多因素logistic回归结果显示,女学生(OR＝2.164)是高危人群；位于县城学校(OR＝0.078)、由学校食堂供餐(OR＝0.338)、学校性质为中心小学和普通中学的学校(OR＝0.505)是降低中小学生贫血的保护因素。结论 应着重加强学校营养改善计划有效实施及宣传教育,针对当地较为落后的乡镇学校,积极推进学校食堂建设和配餐指导,开展形式多样的健康教育活动,提倡合理营养,开展食育教育,树立平衡膳食的理念,是降低农村学生缺铁性贫血率的根本措施。

Hemoglobin levels and its related factors analysis of 2 129 rural students in Xinjiang

bjective To investigate hemoglobin levels of the rural primary and middle school students in Xinjiang,analysis the main influencing factors,and to provide scientific evidence for intervention measures. Methods This study was conducted at Shache and A-he counties in Xinjiang province,which were key monitoring countries of the national nutrition improvement programs. From the first to the ninth grade of 6 primary schools and 6 middle schools,40 primary and middle school students were extracted randomly from each grade with half girls and half boys. The data was collected by physical measurement,hemoglobin test,and questionnaire and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to screen the main factors causing low hemoglobin. Results 2129 primary and middle school students were investigated,including 1024 boys and 1105 girls,and low hemoglobin detection rate was 3.1%. Single factor analysis showed that students who were primary and middle school boys,the primary school low-grade students,health education in schools,eating more beans in recent weeks,high nutrition knowledge scores and food intake well had low anemia detection rate. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.164) was a risk factor. However,school located in the county (OR=0.078),school canteen meals (OR=0.338),center primary and general middle schools (OR=0.505) were protection factors. Conclusion Effective implementation,propaganda,and education of school nutrition improvement plan should be strengthened. School canteen construction and catering guide should be actively promoted,especially to those backward local schools. Carrying out various health education activities,promoting reasonable nutrition and setting up the idea of a balanced diet are the basic measures to reduce rural students′ iron deficiency anemia rate.