烟草商店向未成年人售烟情况及影响因素分析

目的了解烟草销售店向未成年人售烟情况及其影响因素。方法利用自填式问卷调查281名烟草销售人员向未成年人售烟的相关情况并分析影响因素。结果有效问卷共268份。烟草销售人员167人（62．3％）报告所工作的商店持有烟草专卖证，181人（67．5％）报告放置了“禁止向未成年人售烟”的标志。116人（43．3％）回答会询问或判断买烟者的年龄，146人（53．4％）表示会把香烟卖给中小学生或未成年人。以销售率较低的烟草专卖店和大超市为参照，小超市最高（0R=3．60），其次为杂货店（OR=2．52）；询问或判断买烟者年龄的销售率较低（0R=0．22）；认同青少年控烟责任的销售率较低（OR=0．85）。如商店类型不纳入方程，放置了禁止向未成年人售烟之类标志的销售率低（OR=0．52）。结论有烟草销售的商店非法向未成年人售烟的比例较高，尤其是小超市和杂货店。询问或判断买烟者的年龄、放置标志牌能降低向未成年人售烟的销售率。应制定非法向未成年人售烟的具体处罚措施。加强监督和管理力度，并对烟草销售人员进行法制教育。

Analysis on status and influence factors of tobacco sales to minors

Objective To explore the prevalence and influence factors of self-reported tobacco sales to minors.Methods With self-administered questionnaires,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 286 tobacco retailers to understand the prevalence of sales to minor.And the significant influence factors associated with tobacco sales to minors were examined.Results A total of 268 questionnaires were used in final analysis.Of the tobacco retailers,167(62.3%)reported the stores in which they worked held the allowance certificate for tobacco sale and 181(67.5%)said that the warning signs of 'No selling tobacco to minors' were placed in their stores.And 116(43.3%)retailers had ever asked or judged purchasers' ages and 146(53.4%)retailers would sell tobacco to minors.The result of multivariable analysis showed that three factors were significantly associated with selling tobacco to minors.Compared with special shops for selling tobacco and big supermarkets,small supermarkets were more likely to sell tobacco to minors(OR=3.60),as well as groceries(OR=2.52).Furthermore,the retailers who asked or judged the ages of purchasers had less possibility to sell tobacco to minors(OR=0.22),so did the retailerswith high scores of attitudes toward the responsibility of tobacco control in adolescents(OR=0.85).Without consideration of their types,the stores with signs of 'No selling cigarettes to minors' were less likely to sell.Conclusion The prevalence of tobacco sales to minors is substantially high,especially in the small supermarkets and groceries.Regulations related to punishing tobacco sales to minor should be made up and enforced strictly.Necessary law education must be offered to tobacco retailers immediately.