浙江省衢州市甲型病毒性肝炎免疫接种的流行病学效果评估

目的 分析浙江省衢州市2001-2014年甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)的流行病学特征变化与接种甲肝疫苗的关系,为全市防控工作提供依据。方法 主要收集衢州市近24年间法定报告传染病疫情中甲肝疫情、接种率及血清学监测资料,运用流行病学方法进行分析。结果 甲肝报告发病率持续下降,无周期性流行。2001-2014年甲肝年发病率在0.52/10万~6.99/10万之间,甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划前后平均发病率分别为4.81/10万和1.08/10万,差异有统计学意义。纳入免疫规划前,季节分布明显,发病高峰在3-5月和8月,纳入免疫规划后,季节分布不明显;以龙游县和江山市甲肝发病率较高,衢江区最低。职业以农民为主,占68.94%;发病年龄以30~49岁青壮年为主,占43.24%;男性高于女性,男女性别比为2.49:1。结论 衢州市甲肝报告发病率持续下降,周期性消失,加强以甲肝疫苗接种为主的综合防控措施能有效降低甲肝发病率。

Correlation between change of hepatitis A epidemiologic characteristics and hepatitis A vaccination in Quzhou,Zhejiang

Objective To understand the correlation between the change of epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis A and hepatitis A vaccination in Quzhou, Zhejiang province, during 2001-2014, provide evidence for the prevention and control of hepatitis A. Methods The incidence data, vaccination data and serologic surveillance data of hepatitis A in Quzhou during this period were collected and analyzed. Results The incidence of hepatitis A was in decline, no periodic outbreaks occurred. The incidence of hepatitis A ranged from 0.52/lakh to 6.99/lakh in past 14 years. The average incidence of hepatitis A was 4.81/lakh and 1.08/lakh respectively before and after the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccine into immunization program. The incidence peaks was during March-May and in August before the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccine into immunization program, but the seasonality was not obvious after the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccine into immunization program. The reported cases were mainly distributed in Jiangshan and Longyou counties. Most cases were farmers (68.94%) and the cases in age group 30-49 years accounted for 43.24%. The incidence was higher in males than in females. Conclusion The results revealed that the reported incidence of hepatitis A was in decline in Quzhou. Hepatitis A vaccination can effectively reduce the incidence of hepatitis A.