经心外膜下侧支循环逆向介入治疗冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变

目的 探讨应用我国市场已有器械,经心外膜下侧支循环血管,对慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变行逆向经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的可行性.方法 5例CTO病变均在常规正向PCI失败后,行逆向PCI.将7 F强支撑逆向指引导管送至供体血管,超滑导丝通过心外膜下侧支循环血管到达CTO病变远端,在微导管支持下交换较硬的导丝,逆向通过CTO病变,逆向导丝继续进入6 F正向指引导管,并在正向指引导管内球囊扩张锚定.逆向扩张病变后,正向导丝通过病变,用常规PCI方法完成手术.其中应用捕获逆向导丝技术和反向CART技术各1例.结果 在逆向导丝通过侧支循环的路径中,经左前降支至右冠状动脉远端3例,经左回旋支至右冠状动脉1例,经钝缘支至左前降支1例.其中4例成功开通CTO病变,完成支架置入术.另外1例虽然导丝及微导管到达CTO病变远端,但无法逆向通过闭塞病变.所有患者介入术中均未发生并发症.结论 在我国没有专门逆向PCI工具的情况下,如果室间隔支不适合作为逆向通道,心外膜下侧支循环在符合一定条件时也可作为逆向通道,进行CTO病变的逆向PCI.

Retrograde percutaneous recanalization of chronic total occlusion of the coronary arteries via epicardial coronary collateral artery in 5 patients

Objective To explore the feasibility of percutaneous recanalization by retrograde approach via epicardial collaterals. Methods Retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via epicardial collaterals was performed in 5 patients with previously failed antegrade PCI from April 2009 to November 2009. 7 F guiding catheters were engaged in donor artery. Hydrophilic wires and microcathethers were crossed to the distal ends of chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions via epicardial collaterals. Four retrograde wires were exchanged into stiffer wires and further crossed the CTO, eventually went into the 6 F antegrade guiding catheters and were jailed by a 2.5 mm balloon. After dilatations of retrograde balloons, the lesions were crossed by antegrade wires, and finalized by conventional PCI method. One case was recanalized with retrograde wire trapping technique and another case was recanalized by reverse CART technique. Results The epicardial collaterals were reached from left anterior descending branch (LAD) to distal right coronary artery( RCA ) via apex in 3 patients, from left circumflex branch via left atrium branch to posterior descending artery and RCA in 1 patient and from obtuse marginal artery to diagonal artery and LAD in 1 patient. CTO was successfully recanalized and stents were implanted in 4 patients and failed in 1 patient despite successful wire positioning to the distal end of CTO. There was no procedure-induced cardiovascular event in all cases. Conclusions Epicardial collaterals may not be used as a routine route in retrograde approach PCI due to the potential risk of myocardial rupture and pericardial tamponade. In some cases with unavailable or unsuitable septal collaterals, epicardial collaterals may be used as an alternative route for CTO recanalization.