Nuclear type-ii [h-3] estradiol binding-sites in mcf-7 human breast-cancer cells - binding interactions with 2,6-bis-([3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-methylene)cyclohexanone esters and inhibition of cell-proliferation

Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that 2,6-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]methylene)cyclohexanone (BDHPC) and related compounds mimic methyl p-hydroxyphenyllactate (MeHPLA) as endogenous ligands for nuclear type II H-3]estradiol binding sites. Occupancy of type II sites by these agents results in the inhibition of malignant cell proliferation in vitro and mammary tumor growth in vivo. The present studies were designed to assess the effects of BDHPC esterification on type II site binding interactions in uterine nuclei and in cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. The results of these experiments demonstrate that in rat uterine nuclear fractions BDHPC acetate (Kd approximately 100 nM) interacts with type II sites with a 100-fold lower affinity than BDHPC (Kd approximately 0.9 nM) and BDHPC benzoate failed to inhibit H-3]estradiol binding under these experimental conditions. Conversely, BDHPC and BDHPC acetate displayed very similar binding affinities for type II sites in cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and there was a direct correlation between nuclear type II site occupancy and the inhibition of cellular proliferation by these two compounds. BDHPC benzoate failed to interact with type II sites or inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggested that BDHPC acetate, but not BDHPC benzoate, was being hydrolyzed by esterases in MCF-7 cells, releasing the free parent compound. This conclusion was supported by the observations that incubation of BDHPC acetate in mammary tumor cytosol preparations resulted in essentially quantitative hydrolysis to BDHPC as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of tumor cytosol extracts. Conversely, BDHPC benzoate was not hydrolyzed by tumor esterases which is consistent with the inability of this compound to bind to type II sites or inhibit MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation. These experiments confirm and extend the hypothesis that esterase hydrolysis of MeHPLA related compounds represents an important biological step involved in the control of the biological activity of type II site agonists which appear to regulate malignant cell proliferation through this binding interaction.