Cervical curvature, spinal cord MRIT2 signal, and occupying ratio impact surgical approach selection in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Objective

Factors impacting surgical options and outcomes in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) were explored.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of 127 eligible cervical OPLL patients (61 males, 66 females) aged 41–70 years (mean 55.2 years) selected from 152 total OPLL patients treated from 2002 to 2006, with 5–10-year (mean 6.8 years) follow-up. Patients underwent anterior subtotal corpectomy with ossification ligament resection (anterior surgery, n = 68) or posterior cervical double-door laminoplasty (posterior surgery, n = 59). Radiographic assessments of cervical curvature, T2-weighted MRI (MRIT2) signal, and OPLL occupying ratio were correlated with surgical strategy before surgery and at 1, 5 weeks, and 5 years.

Results

Lordosis increased following anterior surgery, though kyphosis improved by 10.3 %. The canal stenosis occupying ratio was >50 %, and short-term improvement following anterior surgery was significantly higher than posterior surgery (P > 0.0001). Superior neurological function was observed in patients with unchanged versus high spinal MRIT2 signals (P = 0.0434). No significant differences were observed in short-term outcomes between anterior and posterior surgeries in high spinal MRIT2 signal patients, but anterior surgery produced significantly better long-term outcomes at 1 week (P = 0.7564) and 1 year (P = 0.0071). Complications occurred in five anterior and three posterior surgeries.

Conclusion

Preoperative assessment of cervical curvature, MRIT2 signal, and occupying ratio can be used to guide clinical surgical approach selection to potentially produce better long-term outcomes in patients with OPLL.